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Biomass by Low-Temperature Pyrolysis
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Biomass by Low-Temperature Pyrolysis

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A4: Bio-Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 December 2021) | Viewed by 5737

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Marzena Kwapinska

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
Interests: Process engineering; chemical reaction engineering; renewable energy technologies; energy engineering; thermal engineering; modeling and simulation; pyrolysis, gasification, torrefaction, biomass conversion, materials
Dr. Daya Pandey

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Department of Engineering and Technology, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
Interests: low-carbon energy conversion processes and hydrogen production; resource recovery from agri-waste; decarbonising heat and energy systems; gasification; pyrolysis; combustion; fluidised bed conversion; sustainability

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Biomass is one of the largest and most sustainable energy sources, yet in many countries and regions of the world, it has not been utilized well. Bioenergy recovery has become one of the key strategies due to the increasing shortage of fossil fuels and serious deterioration of ecological environments. A variety of lignocellulosic biomass types, including woody biomass, dedicated energy crops, agricultural residues and forestry residues, are often region-specific. Moreover, it is expected to produce more renewable energy by reutilization of biowaste. Processing of biomass in its natural form for energetic purposes by direct combustion with immediate heat utilization has very low efficiency. Thus, a full utilization of renewable energy sources and practical application of recycled bioenergy is still under exploration. Pyrolysis of biomass (not only lignocellulosic, but also biowaste), on one hand, has potential to provide fuels that are easier to store or with higher energy density (char, bio-oil and syngas), while on the other hand, it can facilitate the production of value-added chemicals (e.g., furfural, etc.).

This Special Issue aims at exploring the most recent advances in biomass (including biowaste) low-temperature pyrolysis to bioenergy, biobased chemicals, and carbon-rich materials, including the application of such products (e.g., biochar for soil amendment, as an adsorptive media or a catalyst) as well as recent developments in kinetic, thermodynamic and numerical modeling of pyrolysis processes.

Submit your paper and select the Journal “Energies” and the Special Issue “Biomass by Low-Temperature Pyrolysis” via: MDPI submission system. Please contact the special issue editor ([email protected]) for any queries. Our papers will be published on a rolling basis and we will be pleased to receive your submission once you have finished it.

Dr. Marzena Kwapinska
Dr. Daya Pandey
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Feedstock (woody biomass, energy crops, seaweed, animal waste, etc.)
  • Bioenergy
  • Biofuels
  • Biobased chemicals
  • Bio-oil
  • Biochar
  • Biochar-based catalyst
  • Syngas
  • Low-temperature pyrolysis
  • Lignocellulosic
  • Pyrogenic carbon-rich material

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 7605 KiB  
Article
Analysis of the Physicochemical Characteristics of Biochar Obtained by Slow Pyrolysis of Nut Shells in a Nitrogen Atmosphere
by Alexander Gorshkov, Nikolay Berezikov, Albert Kaltaev, Stanislav Yankovsky, Konstantin Slyusarsky, Roman Tabakaev and Kirill Larionov
Energies 2021, 14(23), 8075; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14238075 - 02 Dec 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2432
Abstract
The process of slow pyrolysis of seven nut shell samples, in a nitrogen-purged atmosphere, has been studied, as well as characteristics of biochar obtained. The heat carrier with a temperature of 400–600 °C (with a step of 100 °C) was supplied indirectly using [...] Read more.
The process of slow pyrolysis of seven nut shell samples, in a nitrogen-purged atmosphere, has been studied, as well as characteristics of biochar obtained. The heat carrier with a temperature of 400–600 °C (with a step of 100 °C) was supplied indirectly using a double-walled reactor. The heating rate was 60 °C/min. At increased temperature of the heating medium, a decrease in the amount of the resulting carbon residue averaged 6.2 wt%. The release of non-condensable combustible gas-phase compounds CO, CH4, and H2, with maximum concentrations of 12.7, 14.0, and 0.7 vol%, respectively, was registered. The features of the obtained biochar sample conversions were studied using thermal analysis in inert (nitrogen) and oxidative (air) mediums at 10 °C/min heating rate. Kinetic analysis was performed using Coats–Redfern method. Thermal analysis showed that the main weight loss (Δm = 32.8–43.0 wt%) occurs at temperatures ranging between 290 °C and 400 °C, which is due to cellulose decomposition. The maximum carbon content and, hence, heat value were obtained for biochars made from macadamia nut and walnut shells. An increased degree of coalification of the biochar samples affected their reactivity and, in particular, caused an increase in the initial temperature of intense oxidation (on average, by 73 °C). While technical and elemental composition of nut shell samples studied were quite similar, the morphology of obtained biochar was different. The morphology of particles was also observed to change as the heating medium temperature increased, which was expressed in the increased inhomogeneity of particle surface. The activation energy values, for biochar conversion in an inert medium, were found to vary in the range of 10–35 kJ/mol and, in an oxidative medium—50–80 kJ/mol. According to literature data, these values were characteristic for lignin fibers decomposition and oxidation, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomass by Low-Temperature Pyrolysis)
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Review

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37 pages, 2145 KiB  
Review
Waste-Based Intermediate Bioenergy Carriers: Syngas Production via Coupling Slow Pyrolysis with Gasification under a Circular Economy Model
by Danai Frantzi and Anastasia Zabaniotou
Energies 2021, 14(21), 7366; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14217366 - 05 Nov 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2537
Abstract
Waste-based feedstocks and bioenergy intermediate carriers are key issues of the whole bioenergy value chain. Towards a circular economy, changing upcycling infra-structure systems takes time, while energy-from-waste (EfW) technologies like waste pyrolysis and gasification could play an integral part. Thus, the aim of [...] Read more.
Waste-based feedstocks and bioenergy intermediate carriers are key issues of the whole bioenergy value chain. Towards a circular economy, changing upcycling infra-structure systems takes time, while energy-from-waste (EfW) technologies like waste pyrolysis and gasification could play an integral part. Thus, the aim of this study is to propose a circular economy pathway for the waste to energy (WtE) thermochemical technologies, through which solid biomass waste can be slowly pyrolyzed to biochar (main product), in various regionally distributed small plants, and the pyro-oils, by-products of those plants could be used as an intermediate energy carrier to fuel a central gasification plant for syngas production. Through the performed review, the main parameters of the whole process chain, from waste to syngas, were discussed. The study develops a conceptual model that can be implemented for overcoming barriers to the broad deployment of WtE solutions. The proposed model of WtE facilities is changing the recycling economy into a circular economy, where nothing is wasted, while a carbon-negative energy carrier can be achieved. The downstream side of the process (cleaning of syngas) and the economic feasibility of the dual such system need optimization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomass by Low-Temperature Pyrolysis)
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