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Advances in Wind Turbines
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Advances in Wind Turbines

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A3: Wind, Wave and Tidal Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 December 2024) | Viewed by 10059

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Ying Zhu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Electrical and Power Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China
Interests: renewable power integration; advanced control in wind power generation systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Wind power generation has become the fastest growing and most competitive power generation technology with the advantages of maturity, low cost and large-scale exploitation. However, the uncertainty of wind power distribution due to climate and topography endows wind power with the characteristics of fluctuation, intermittency, randomness, etc. With the increasing capacity of wind power grid connection, wind power output is directly related to the stable and reliable supply of electricity and the national economy. With the gradual increase in the wind turbine power level, the issue of wind turbines' safe and stable operation has aroused widespread concern. Therefore, in order to build a novel power system and promote the transformation of a low-carbon energy structure, it is essential to comprehensively study key technologies such as new wind turbine topologies, improved generator-side control strategies, wind power prediction approaches and grid-friendly control methodologies for large-capacity wind turbines, in order to promote the sustainable development of the wind power industry.

This Special Issue aims to present and disseminate the most recent advances related to the theory, design, modeling, application, control and condition monitoring of all types of wind turbines.

Topics of interest for publication include, but are not limited to:

  • Advances in the structures of wind turbines;
  • Advances in wind farm layout;
  • Novel control strategies of wind turbines;
  • Grid-connected control strategies;
  • Stability of the wind power generation system;
  • Fault-tolerant control;
  • Online and offline condition-monitoring techniques;
  • Optimal design methodologies;
  • Advanced modeling approaches;
  • Dispatching the optimization of wind power;

Dr. Ying Zhu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • wind turbine
  • wind power generator
  • novel control
  • new topologies
  • equivalent modeling
  • efficiency
  • grid connection
  • dispatching optimization
  • stability
  • optimal design

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

37 pages, 22487 KiB  
Article
An Enhanced Second-Order Terminal Sliding Mode Control Based on the Super-Twisting Algorithm Applied to a Five-Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator for a Grid-Connected Wind Energy Conversion System
by Ben ouadeh Douara, Abdellah Kouzou, Ahmed Hafaifa, Jose Rodriguez and Mohamed Abdelrahem
Energies 2025, 18(2), 355; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18020355 - 15 Jan 2025
Viewed by 946
Abstract
This paper presents the application of a proposed hybrid control strategy that is designed to enhance the performance and robustness of a grid-connected wind energy conversion system (WECS) using a Five-Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (FP-PMSG). The proposed approach combines the second-order terminal [...] Read more.
This paper presents the application of a proposed hybrid control strategy that is designed to enhance the performance and robustness of a grid-connected wind energy conversion system (WECS) using a Five-Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (FP-PMSG). The proposed approach combines the second-order terminal sliding mode control technique (SO-STA) with the super-twisting algorithm (STA), with the main goal of benefitting from both their advantages while addressing their limitations. Indeed, the sole application of the SO-STA ensures rapid convergence and robust performances in nonlinear systems, but it leads to chattering and reduces the whole system’s efficiency. Therefore, by incorporating the STA, the obtained hybrid control can mitigate this issue by ensuring smoother control actions and a superior dynamic response. This designed hybrid control strategy improves the adaptability of the control system to wind fluctuations and enhances the system’s robustness against external disturbances and uncertainties, leading to higher reliability and efficiency in the wind energy conversion system. Furthermore, the proposed hybrid control allows optimizing the power extraction and boosting the WECS’s efficiency. It is worth clarifying that, besides this proposed control, a sliding mode controller is used for the grid side converter (GSC) and DC link voltage to ensure stable power transfer to the grid. The obtained simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in improving the stability, robustness, and efficiency of the studied WECS under dynamic conditions, creating a promising solution for control in renewable energy systems operating under severe conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Wind Turbines)
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24 pages, 8539 KiB  
Article
A Nonlinear Wind Turbine Wake Expansion Model Considering Atmospheric Stability and Ground Effects
by Xingxing Han, Tongguang Wang, Xiandong Ma, Chang Xu, Shifeng Fu, Jinmeng Zhang, Feifei Xue and Zhe Cheng
Energies 2024, 17(17), 4503; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17174503 - 8 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1235
Abstract
This study investigates the influence of atmospheric stability and ground effects on wind turbine wake recovery, challenging the conventional linear relationship between turbulence intensity and wake expansion coefficient. Through comprehensive field measurements and numerical simulations, we demonstrate that the linear wake expansion assumption [...] Read more.
This study investigates the influence of atmospheric stability and ground effects on wind turbine wake recovery, challenging the conventional linear relationship between turbulence intensity and wake expansion coefficient. Through comprehensive field measurements and numerical simulations, we demonstrate that the linear wake expansion assumption is invalid at far-wake locations under high turbulence conditions, primarily due to ground effects. We propose a novel nonlinear wake expansion model that incorporates both atmospheric stability and ground effects by introducing a logarithmic relationship between the wake expansion coefficient and turbulence intensity. Validation results reveal the superior prediction accuracy of the proposed model compared to typical engineering wake models, with root mean square errors of wake wind speed predictions ranging from 0.04 to 0.063. The proposed model offers significant potential for optimizing wind farm layouts and enhancing overall wind energy production efficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Wind Turbines)
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25 pages, 9994 KiB  
Article
The Design, Analysis, and Optimization of a New Pitch Mechanism for Small Wind Turbines
by Peng Wang, Daorina Bao, Mingzhi Zhao, Zhongyu Shi, Fan Gao and Feng Han
Energies 2023, 16(18), 6708; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16186708 - 19 Sep 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3070
Abstract
This article proposes and designs a novel variable pitch adjustment device for small wind turbines. The generator spindle is designed to be hollow so that the drive rod passes through it and connects the pitch drive mechanism to the pitch actuator. The article [...] Read more.
This article proposes and designs a novel variable pitch adjustment device for small wind turbines. The generator spindle is designed to be hollow so that the drive rod passes through it and connects the pitch drive mechanism to the pitch actuator. The article introduces the basic structure and working principle of the pitch mechanism and verifies the feasibility of the pitch device by using 3D printing technology to produce a small-scale model. The stress analysis of the wind turbine was carried out using the unidirectional fluid–structure coupling method. The results show that the maximum equivalent stress of the pitch mechanism is 27.42 MPa, the maximum tooth surface contact stress of the gear is 38.40 MPa, and the maximum tooth root bending stress is 18.13 MPa. The rack synchronous disk, blade handle, and gear rack mechanism were designed with light weight using various optimization schemes. The results of the optimization showed that the overall mass of the pitch mechanism was reduced by 33.2%, improving the applicability of the new pitch mechanism. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Wind Turbines)
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17 pages, 4083 KiB  
Article
Condition Monitoring Method for the Gearboxes of Offshore Wind Turbines Based on Oil Temperature Prediction
by Zhixin Fu, Zihao Zhou, Junpeng Zhu and Yue Yuan
Energies 2023, 16(17), 6275; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16176275 - 29 Aug 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1533
Abstract
Traditional machine learning prediction methods usually only predict input parameters through a single model, so the problem of low prediction accuracy is common. Different predictive models extract different information for input, and combining different predictive models can make as much use as possible [...] Read more.
Traditional machine learning prediction methods usually only predict input parameters through a single model, so the problem of low prediction accuracy is common. Different predictive models extract different information for input, and combining different predictive models can make as much use as possible of all the information contained in the inputs. Therefore, this paper improves the existing oil temperature prediction method of offshore wind turbine gearboxes, and for the actual prediction effect of Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) data in this paper, Bayesian-optimized Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) and eXtreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost) machine learning models are selected to be combined. A method based on the Induced Ordered Weighted Average (IOWA) operator combination prediction model is thus proposed, with simulation results showing that the proposed model improves the accuracy of gearbox condition monitoring. The innovation of this article lies in considering the various negative impacts faced by actual offshore wind turbines and adopting a combination prediction model to improve the accuracy of gearbox condition monitoring. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Wind Turbines)
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22 pages, 14178 KiB  
Article
Experimental Analysis of Bio-Inspired Vortex Generators on a Blade with S822 Airfoil
by Hector G. Parra, Hernan D. Ceron, William Gomez and Elvis E. Gaona
Energies 2023, 16(12), 4538; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16124538 - 6 Jun 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2621
Abstract
Vortex generators are used in aircraft wings and wind turbine blades. These devices allow them to maintain a stable turbulent behavior in the wind wake. Vortex generators, or VGs, improve the transition from laminar to turbulent boundary layer regime, avoiding abrupt shedding. HAWT [...] Read more.
Vortex generators are used in aircraft wings and wind turbine blades. These devices allow them to maintain a stable turbulent behavior in the wind wake. Vortex generators, or VGs, improve the transition from laminar to turbulent boundary layer regime, avoiding abrupt shedding. HAWT wind turbines have high rotational velocity. Currently, HAWT turbines are being redesigned with fixed vortex generators, achieving higher energy production. This paper presents a wind tunnel analysis of a fixed-wire blade with S822 airfoil and active VGs bio-inspired by the flight-stabilizing feathers of the peregrine falcon. Vibrations measured on the blade show a reduction in intensity at wind velocities close to 15 m/s. The measured wake velocities show fluctuations at higher tunnel wind velocities. An FFT spectral analysis of the wind wake velocities showed differences between the spectral components. When activating the VGs in oscillation at a constant frequency, a reduction of the vibrations on the blade was observed for wind velocities around 20 m/s. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Wind Turbines)
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