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Advances in Battery Thermal Management: Materials, Systems, and EV Applications

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "D2: Electrochem: Batteries, Fuel Cells, Capacitors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2026 | Viewed by 1048

Editor


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Guest Editor
CMT—Clean Mobility and Thermofluids, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
Interests: thermo- and fluid-dynamics in vehicles; thermal management in propulsive systems; experimental and numerical techniques for heat flow systems
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The electrification of transportation is rapidly accelerating globally, and with it emerges one of the most critical challenges for electric vehicles (EVs): battery thermal management (BTM). Efficient thermal control is absolutely essential to ensure safety, extend battery life, and enable high-performance features such as fast charging.

This Special Issue aims to gather cutting-edge research and innovative solutions that address these challenges from multiple perspectives. We invite contributions that explore materials, system architectures, and application-driven strategies for thermal management in EV batteries.

Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Advanced Materials: High-conductivity composites, phase change materials (PCMs), and multifunctional structures for heat dissipation.
  • System-Level Solutions: Liquid cooling, immersion cooling, hybrid systems, and integration with vehicle thermal architectures.
  • Modeling and Control: AI-driven thermal optimization, predictive algorithms, and real-time monitoring for safety and efficiency.
  • Application Scenarios: Fast-charging environments, high-energy-density battery packs, and next-generation chemistries such as solid-state or lithium–sulfur batteries.
  • Safety and Sustainability: Strategies to prevent thermal runaway and improve recyclability and environmental impact.

This issue seeks to bridge fundamental research and industrial applications, fostering collaboration between academia and industry. Authors are encouraged to submit original research articles, comprehensive reviews, and case studies that highlight practical implementations and future directions.

The complexity of battery thermal challenges requires an interdisciplinary and collaborative approach. We believe that the innovations presented in this Special Issue will define the next generation of high-performance EV battery packs. We look forward to receiving your valuable research and working together to advance the future of sustainable electric mobility.

Prof. Dr. Pablo Olmeda
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-anonymized peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • BTM
  • electric vehicles
  • thermal runaway prevention
  • fast charging
  • immersion cooling
  • phase-change materials
  • AI-driven optimization
  • solid-state batteries

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

29 pages, 12637 KB  
Article
A CFD–GPR–NSGA-II Framework for Thermal–Hydraulic Optimization of Mini-Channel Liquid Cooling Plates in Electric Vehicle Battery Thermal Management Systems
by Nguyen Thanh Cong, Nguyen Thi Hong Ngoc, Nguyen Minh Chau, Do Van Quan, Vu Duc Binh, Nguyen Manh Quang, Le Dinh Dat, Dinh Van Nghiep and Le Van Quynh
Energies 2026, 19(11), 2621; https://doi.org/10.3390/en19112621 - 29 May 2026
Viewed by 755
Abstract
Liquid-cooled battery thermal management systems are essential for maintaining thermal safety, temperature uniformity, and hydraulic efficiency in electric vehicle battery modules. However, improving heat dissipation often increases pressure drop and pumping demand, making the thermal–hydraulic trade-off a key challenge in cooling plate design. [...] Read more.
Liquid-cooled battery thermal management systems are essential for maintaining thermal safety, temperature uniformity, and hydraulic efficiency in electric vehicle battery modules. However, improving heat dissipation often increases pressure drop and pumping demand, making the thermal–hydraulic trade-off a key challenge in cooling plate design. This study develops a CFD–GPR–NSGA-II-based multi-objective optimization framework for a mini-channel liquid cooling plate applied to a cylindrical 18650 lithium-ion battery module under a 4C discharge condition. The mini-channel thickness, wall thickness, and coolant inlet velocity are selected as design variables, while the maximum battery temperature, temperature difference, and pressure drop are used as objective functions. Sixty design samples are generated using Latin hypercube sampling and evaluated through CFD simulations. Gaussian process regression models are then constructed to approximate the nonlinear relationships between the design variables and the thermal–hydraulic responses, and the trained surrogate models are coupled with NSGA-II to identify Pareto-optimal solutions. The selected compromise design is finally verified using a full CFD simulation. Compared with the initial configuration, the CFD-verified optimized design reduces the maximum temperature, temperature difference, and pressure drop by 0.569 K, 0.557 K, and 338.612 Pa, respectively. Although the reduction in peak temperature is moderate, the optimized design improves temperature uniformity by 10.06% and reduces pressure drop by 43.25%, demonstrating a balanced improvement in thermal and hydraulic performance. A heat-load robustness check further confirms that the optimized design maintains a predictable thermal response under different heat generation levels. These results indicate that the proposed CFD–GPR–NSGA-II framework provides an effective and computationally efficient approach for designing mini-channel liquid cooling plates for electric vehicle battery thermal management. Full article
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