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Stability Problems and Countermeasures in New Power Systems

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "F1: Electrical Power System".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 May 2025 | Viewed by 3082

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Electric Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Interests: power system analysis and control; modeling and control of flexible AC transmission systems; power–quality analysis and mitigation; power–electronic equipment; renewable energy power conversion

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Guest Editor
1. Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Decision of Complex Systems, School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
2. Key Laboratory of Servo Motion System Drive and Control, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
Interests: power system stability analysis and control; renewable energy generation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are inviting submissions to a Special Issue of Energies entitled "Stability Problems and Countermeasures in New Power Systems".

Over the past two decades, electronic, information, communication, and measurement and control technology have rapidly developed and converged. Simultaneously, the increasing demand for electrical energy in human society’s production and daily life has brought profound changes in electricity production, transmission, distribution, and consumption. The same applies to protection and control. These changes have led to a transition from traditional to new power systems.

The most notable feature of the new power system is the “double high” characteristics, with a high proportion of new energy sources and a high proportion of power electronic devices. On the one hand, factors like carbon emissions, environmental protection, and energy security have driven substantial development of renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar power, in major countries worldwide over the past two decades. On the other hand, with the advancement of power electronic technology, especially high-power electronic devices, power electronic equipment has found extensive applications on both the transmission and load sides. Presently, technologies like line-commuted high-voltage direct current (LCC-HVDC) transmission, voltage-source high-voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC) transmission, and flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTS) are widely used in power grids. Due to the digitalization of human society, the demand for DC loads, such as data and network centers, has grown dramatically. Moreover, many traditional AC loads have been electrified for improved performance and efficiency, leading to significant changes in load characteristics and dynamic behaviors.

The “double high” characteristics have altered the coupling among power equipment and the dynamic behavior of power systems. The widespread replacement of synchronous generators with inverter-based power sources has resulted in lower system inertia and reduced short-circuit capacity, which, in turn, has complicated power system stability issues. The most prominent manifestation of these changes is the shift in the dominant oscillation modes of power systems from low-frequency oscillations to wide-band oscillations spanning from several hertz to kilohertz. Additionally, the low inertia, damping, low support, and low overshoot characteristics of renewable energy sources have reduced the power system's ability to withstand fault disturbances. The resulting frequency and voltage problems may cause severe or cascading failures.

The intermittency, randomness, and volatility of renewable energy sources have increased the challenges related to power and voltage regulation in power systems. Issues concerning system power balance and operational security have become more complex. Due to factors such as mismatches between renewable energy output and load, transmission constraints, traditional generator startup and regulation costs, and capacity limitations, there are situations where renewable energy sources experience severe curtailment, leading to wasted wind and solar resources; this negatively affects the economic efficiency and carbon emissions of system operation.

Technologies like pumped storage, electrochemical energy storage, and compressed air energy storage have seen increasing applications in power systems in recent years. Additionally, distributed generation, electric vehicles, electric heating, and heat storage electric boilers, among other devices, have found extensive use on the consumer side. While these devices offer flexible regulation capabilities, their functions vary significantly and serve different economic entities. Therefore, it is essential to mobilize these flexible resources through technical and market means from a holistic perspective to enhance system operation's stability and economic efficiency.

Integrating many renewable energy sources, energy storage, electric vehicles, and other devices has increased the complexity of power system operation and reduced the system's ability to perceive information. Existing technological methods are inadequate to ensure the safety and economic requirements of the new power systems. The latest technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI), offer feasible solutions to address these challenges.

The particular topics of interest for this Special Issue include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Analysis and Mitigation of Wide-Band Oscillations in Power Systems;
  • Frequency and Voltage Stability Problems Caused by Renewable Energy Generation;
  • Integration of Renewable Energy Sources;
  • Application of Energy Storage Technologies;
  • Virtual Power Plants and Active Distribution Networks;
  • Power Markets;
  • Novel Measurement and Control Technologies in Power Systems;
  • Applications of the Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence Technologies in Power Systems.

Prof. Dr. Qirong Jiang
Dr. Liang Wang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • renewable energy generation
  • electrified power
  • wide-band oscillations
  • energy storage
  • frequency stability
  • voltage stability
  • power markets
  • virtual power plants
  • active distribution networks
  • Internet of Things (IoT)
  • Artificial Intelligence (AI)

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 1110 KiB  
Article
Small-Signal Stability Analysis and Optimization of Grid-Forming Permanent-Magnet Synchronous-Generator Wind Turbines
by Guanghui Li, Runqi Han, Bin Liu and Zhen Li
Energies 2024, 17(18), 4560; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17184560 - 12 Sep 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1525
Abstract
Due to the ability to improve the low-inertia characteristics of power systems and offer reliable voltage and frequency support, grid-forming permanent-magnet synchronous-generator wind turbines (PMSG-WTs) based on virtual synchronous-generator (VSG) technology are emerging se the direction for future developments. Previous studies on the [...] Read more.
Due to the ability to improve the low-inertia characteristics of power systems and offer reliable voltage and frequency support, grid-forming permanent-magnet synchronous-generator wind turbines (PMSG-WTs) based on virtual synchronous-generator (VSG) technology are emerging se the direction for future developments. Previous studies on the small-signal stability of grid-forming PMSG-WTs that connect to the grid usually simplify them into grid-connected grid-side converters (GSC), potentially leading to errors in stability analyses. Therefore, this paper considers the machine-side converter (MSC) control and establishes impedance models for grid-forming PMSG-WTs. Based on the sensitivity calculation of controller parameters using symmetric difference computation based on zero-order optimization, the impact of the internal controller on outside impedance characteristics is quantitatively analyzed. Additionally, an optimization method to enhance the stability of a hybrid wind farm by adjusting the ratio of grid-forming and grid-following wind turbines is proposed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stability Problems and Countermeasures in New Power Systems)
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16 pages, 361 KiB  
Article
Parameter Identification of Power Grid Subsynchronous Oscillations Based on Eigensystem Realization Algorithm
by Xueyang Zeng, Gang Chen, Yilin Liu, Fang Zhang and Huabo Shi
Energies 2024, 17(11), 2575; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17112575 - 26 May 2024
Viewed by 1113
Abstract
The subsynchronous oscillation caused by the resonance between power electronic devices and series compensation devices or weak power grids introduced by large-scale renewable energy generation greatly reduces the transmission capacity of the system and may endanger the safe operation of the power system. [...] Read more.
The subsynchronous oscillation caused by the resonance between power electronic devices and series compensation devices or weak power grids introduced by large-scale renewable energy generation greatly reduces the transmission capacity of the system and may endanger the safe operation of the power system. It even leads to system oscillation instability. In this paper, based on the advantages of a simple solution, a small amount of calculation and anti-noise of ERA, a method of subsynchronous oscillation parameter identification based on the eigensystem realization algorithm (ERA) is proposed. The Hankel matrix in the improved ERA is obtained by splicing the real part matrix and the imaginary part matrix of the synchrophasor, thus solving the problem of angular frequency conjugate constraints of two fundamental components and two oscillatory components which are not considered in the existing ERA. The solution to this problem is helpful to improve the accurate parameter identification results of ERA under the data window of 200 ms and weaken the limitation caused by the assumption that the synchrophasor model is fixed. The practicability of the improved method based on PMU is verified by the synthesis of ERA and the actual measurement data. Compared with the existing ERA, the improved ERA can accurately identify the parameters of each component under the ultra-short data window and realize the dynamic monitoring of power system subsynchronous oscillation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stability Problems and Countermeasures in New Power Systems)
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