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Electronics
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DC–DC Power Converter Technologies for Energy Storage Integration
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DC–DC Power Converter Technologies for Energy Storage Integration

A special issue of Electronics (ISSN 2079-9292). This special issue belongs to the section "Industrial Electronics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 October 2025) | Viewed by 3135

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Kaspars Kroičs

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Computer Science, Information Technology and Energy, Riga Technical University, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
Interests: power electronics; electrical drives; control systems; DC–DC converters; energy storage integration
Dr. Mariusz Zdanowski

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Control and Industrial Electronics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75 St., 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
Interests: DC–DC converters; power electronics; high-frequency magnetic components; wide bandgap semiconductor devices; energy storage integration; DC microgrids
Dr. Dimitar Arnaudov

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Power Electronics, Technical University of Sofia, Ohridski Blvd., 1797 Sofia, Bulgaria
Interests: power converters; resonant converters; DC–DC converters; energy storage systems; electrical power engineering; power electronics; renewable energy sources; e-mobility charging; battery management systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With the rapid growth of energy storage applications in different areas, the role of bidirectional DC–DC converters is growing. DC–DC converters contribute significantly to the efficiency of energy storage systems and the reliability, stability, and controllability of energy flows. Wide bandgap semiconductors, passive component optimization, soft switching techniques, and novel control algorithms allow improvements in the efficiency of DC–DC converters. As a result, there is increasing research on the topology, modeling, control, and reliability improvement of bidirectional DC–DC converters. The fast control system of the DC–DC converter can prevent the instability of the subsystem, improve voltage quality, or improve storage system efficiency with proper energy flow control. DC–DC converters can also increase the efficiency of energy storage by offering active balancing. To promote further research in this field, we propose a Special Issue covering these important topics.

This Special Issue, "DC–DC Power Converter Technologies for Energy Storage Integration", invites scientific papers covering the latest advancements and challenges of power converter topologies, efficiency improvement techniques, and control methods for the integration of energy storage systems into different applications. This Special Issue covers various aspects of power converter technologies tailored for the efficient integration of energy storage solutions into different electrical loads and electrical drives, DC microgrids, and renewable energy systems. Topics covered include novel converter topologies, control strategies, system optimization techniques, and case studies highlighting real-world applications and performance evaluations. Through contributions from experts in the field, this Special Issue offers valuable insights into the state-of-the-art developments and future directions in power converter technologies for energy storage integration, including DC–DC converters for active balancing.

Researchers are invited to submit articles covering a wide range of disciplines and perspectives, including but not restricted to the following:

  • Energy efficient bidirectional DC–DC converters;  
  • The novel topologies of bidirectional DC–DC converters;
  • The modern control systems of DC–DC converters;  
  • The reliability of power electronic systems for energy storage applications;  
  • The modeling and simulation of power electronic systems with energy storage;  
  • Renewable energy systems with DC–DC converter-controlled energy storage;  
  • DC microgrids with energy storage;  
  • DC–DC converter control strategies for energy storage integration;  
  • DC–DC converters for the active balancing of energy storage;  
  • The electromagnetic compatibility of DC–DC converters;  
  • Artificial intelligence-based control systems for energy flow control;  
  • The passive component optimization of bidirectional DC–DC converters.  

Dr. Kaspars Kroičs
Dr. Mariusz Zdanowski
Dr. Dimitar Arnaudov
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Electronics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • DC–DC converter
  • energy storage
  • active balancing
  • storage integration
  • efficiency
  • bidirectional DC–DC converer
  • energy storage integration
  • DC microgrid

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 83077 KB  
Article
Comparative Analysis of SiC-Based Isolated Bidirectional DC/DC Converters for a Modularized Off-Board EV Charging System with a Bipolar DC Link
by Kaushik Naresh Kumar, Rafał Miśkiewicz, Przemysław Trochimiuk, Jacek Rąbkowski and Dimosthenis Peftitsis
Electronics 2025, 14(22), 4522; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14224522 - 19 Nov 2025
Viewed by 554
Abstract
The choice of a suitable isolated and bidirectional DC/DC converter (IBDC) topology is an important step in the design of a bidirectional electric vehicle (EV) charging system. In this context, six 10 kW rated silicon carbide (SiC) metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET)-based dual-active bridge [...] Read more.
The choice of a suitable isolated and bidirectional DC/DC converter (IBDC) topology is an important step in the design of a bidirectional electric vehicle (EV) charging system. In this context, six 10 kW rated silicon carbide (SiC) metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET)-based dual-active bridge (DAB) converter topologies, supplied by a +750/0/−750 V bipolar DC link, are analyzed and compared in this article. The evaluation criteria include the required volt-ampere semiconductor ratings, loss distribution, efficiency, and thermal considerations of the considered converter configurations. The IBDC topologies are compared based on the observations and results obtained from theoretical analysis, electro-thermal simulations, and experiments, considering the same voltage and power conditions. The advantages and disadvantages of the topologies, in terms of the considered evaluation criteria, are discussed. It is shown that the series-resonant (SR) input-series output-parallel (ISOP) full-bridge (FB) DAB converter configuration is the most suitable design choice for the considered EV charging application based on the chosen operating conditions and evaluation criteria. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue DC–DC Power Converter Technologies for Energy Storage Integration)
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18 pages, 1539 KB  
Article
A Model of Output Power Control Method for Fault Ride-Through in a Single-Phase NPC Inverter-Based Power Conditioning System with IPOS DAB Converter and Battery
by Reo Emoto, Hiroaki Yamada and Tomokazu Mishima
Electronics 2025, 14(21), 4291; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14214291 - 31 Oct 2025
Viewed by 353
Abstract
Grid-tied inverters must satisfy fault ride-through (FRT) requirements to ensure grid stability during voltage disturbances. However, most existing FRT-related studies have focused on reactive current injection or voltage support functions, with few addressing how the active power reference should be dynamically controlled during [...] Read more.
Grid-tied inverters must satisfy fault ride-through (FRT) requirements to ensure grid stability during voltage disturbances. However, most existing FRT-related studies have focused on reactive current injection or voltage support functions, with few addressing how the active power reference should be dynamically controlled during voltage dips. In addition, few systems enable bidirectional power transfer or provide comprehensive verification under deep voltage dips. To address this issue, this paper proposes an output power control method for FRT in a single-phase neutral-point-clamped (NPC) inverter-based PCS consisting of an input-parallel output-series (IPOS) dual-active-bridge (DAB) converter and a battery. The proposed PCS dynamically reduces the output power reference according to the retained voltage while maintaining the inverter current within the rated limit, thereby ensuring stable operation. Computer simulations were conducted using Altair PSIM to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results confirmed that the PCS satisfied the FRT requirements for all post-fault voltage levels. The injected current returned to its pre-fault value within 20 ms and 90 ms for 20% and 0% voltage dips, respectively, complying with the required recovery times. The proposed control method enhances grid resilience and maintains power quality in single-phase low-voltage distribution systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue DC–DC Power Converter Technologies for Energy Storage Integration)
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Graphical abstract

26 pages, 5237 KB  
Article
Modular DC-DC Converter with Adaptable Fast Controller for Supercapacitor Energy Storage Integration into DC Microgrid
by Kaspars Kroičs, Kristiāns Gaspersons and Mariusz Zdanowski
Electronics 2025, 14(4), 700; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14040700 - 11 Feb 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1319
Abstract
Supercapacitors are well suited for braking energy recovery in electrical drive applications and for voltage sag compensation. For voltage-sensitive devices, only a small voltage deviation can be acceptable, and therefore the voltage controller should be fast. This paper analyzes the design of such [...] Read more.
Supercapacitors are well suited for braking energy recovery in electrical drive applications and for voltage sag compensation. For voltage-sensitive devices, only a small voltage deviation can be acceptable, and therefore the voltage controller should be fast. This paper analyzes the design of such a controller for DC bus voltage stabilization considering a GaN transistor-based converter with a 400 kHz switching frequency. Inner and outer loop controller design considering delays caused by the digital nature of the controllers has been analyzed in the paper. This paper proposes to use adaptable controller for the outer voltage loop, thus increasing the stability and reducing the calculation time. The 2p2z controller has been developed for the current loop, achieving a 20 kHz bandwidth and a response time of less than 0.2 ms. A 2p2z controller with adaptable coefficients has been developed for the outer voltage loop, achieving a 2 kHz bandwidth and a response time of 2 ms. Voltage controller digital implementation is split into two switching cycles, thus decreasing the required time for current and voltage control loops implementation from 2.1 µs to 1.5 µs. This allows calculating three current control loops for three-phase interleaved converter control. By combining such three-phase converters in parallel, it is possible to develop modular six-, nine-, or even more-phase interleaved DC-DC converters for high-current applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue DC–DC Power Converter Technologies for Energy Storage Integration)
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