Clinical Nutrition in the Era of Precision: Bioactives, Microbiome and Targeted Dietetic Interventions

A special issue of Dietetics (ISSN 2674-0311).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 5 July 2026 | Viewed by 2293

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Campus de los Jerónimos, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain
Interests: diabetes; obesity; nutraceuticals; overweight; metabolic syndrome; cardiovascular disease; DRM

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Clinical nutrition has entered a new era, moving from general dietary recommendations to targeted, evidence-based interventions that integrate molecular, metabolic, and microbiome data. In this context, functional ingredients—including bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, omega-3 fatty acids, peptides, prebiotics, and probiotics—play a crucial role in modulating physiological processes and preventing or managing chronic diseases.

This Special Issue aims to provide an updated overview of functional and precision-based approaches in clinical nutrition, focusing on how bioactive compounds and tailored dietary strategies can improve metabolic, inflammatory, and cardiovascular outcomes. We invite contributions that explore both mechanistic insights and clinical applications, including studies that combine omics technologies, microbiota analysis, and biomarkers of nutritional response.

Topics of interest include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • Functional ingredients and their mechanisms of action in clinical nutrition;
  • Precision dietetics and personalized nutritional interventions;
  • Nutritional modulation of inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic disorders;
  • Role of gut microbiota in mediating functional ingredient effects;
  • Clinical trials and translational studies evaluating dietary bioactives;
  • Nutrigenomic and metabolomic approaches to diet personalization.

By integrating functional food science and precision nutrition, this Special Issue seeks to advance our understanding of individualized dietetic strategies that promote health and manage chronic diseases.

Prof. Dr. Carmen Lucas-Abellán
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • clinical nutrition
  • functional ingredients
  • precision nutrition
  • personalized dietetics
  • bioactive compounds
  • nutrigenomics
  • microbiota
  • inflammation
  • metabolic disorders
  • translational nutrition

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

28 pages, 584 KB  
Article
The Role of Plant-Forward Eating in Modulating the Association of Micronutrients with Blood Pressure and Body Composition
by Mohamad Motevalli, Clemens Drenowatz, Markus Schauer, Susanne Mair, Michael Kohlberger, Gerhard Ruedl and Katharina Wirnitzer
Dietetics 2026, 5(2), 28; https://doi.org/10.3390/dietetics5020028 - 2 May 2026
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Abstract
Micronutrient status is strongly influenced by dietary patterns; however, the extent to which plant-forward dietary patterns versus omnivorous diets shape micronutrient profiles and their associations with blood pressure, body composition, and cardiovascular health remains unclear. This cross-sectional study aimed to comprehensively assess associations [...] Read more.
Micronutrient status is strongly influenced by dietary patterns; however, the extent to which plant-forward dietary patterns versus omnivorous diets shape micronutrient profiles and their associations with blood pressure, body composition, and cardiovascular health remains unclear. This cross-sectional study aimed to comprehensively assess associations between blood micronutrient profiles, blood pressure, and body composition in adults, with analyses stratified by dietary patterns to compare omnivorous and plant-forward dieters. Secondary cross-sectional analyses were conducted using data from an exploratory study of 488 Austrian adults (median age: 38 y [IQR 21]; 48% female, 52% male). Participants were classified as omnivores (n = 260) or plant-forward dieters (including 194 flexitarians, 25 vegetarians, and 9 vegans; n = 228). Blood pressure and anthropometric measurements were obtained alongside fasting venous blood sample analysis to quantify a comprehensive panel of micronutrient, hematological, lipid, and inflammatory biomarkers. Micronutrient concentrations were standardized (scaled −1 to +1, truncated ±3) and evaluated for deficiency or excess according to sex-specific reference ranges. Linear regression was used to analyze the association of micronutrients with BMI, including age and sex as covariates. Vitamin D showed the highest micronutrient deficiency, observed in 96% of omnivores and 93% of plant-forward dieters. Across both dietary subgroups, multiple micronutrients, together with age and sex, were significant correlates of body weight, body mass index, and blood pressure (p < 0.05). Significant differences between omnivores and plant-forward dieters were observed for blood pressure, lipid, hematological, and inflammatory markers, with participants adhering to plant-forward dietary habits exhibiting lower blood pressure and more favorable lipid profiles (p < 0.05). The findings highlight the potential of diet-type-specific strategies for personalized cardiometabolic risk management. Full article
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14 pages, 1150 KB  
Article
Phase Angle and Lean Mass Evolution After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: Functional Outcomes and Comparison with GLP-1 Therapies
by Julia Navarro-Marroco, Carmen Lucas-Abellán, Ana María García-Muñoz, Lucía Guardiola-García, Rebeca González-Louzao, Desirée Victoria-Montesinos and Pilar Hernández-Sánchez
Dietetics 2026, 5(2), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/dietetics5020021 - 1 Apr 2026
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Abstract
Background: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is a highly effective treatment for severe obesity, achieving substantial weight loss and metabolic improvement. Beyond weight, assessing body composition and functional markers is essential. Phase angle (PA), obtained through bioelectrical impedance, is a relevant indicator of cellular [...] Read more.
Background: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is a highly effective treatment for severe obesity, achieving substantial weight loss and metabolic improvement. Beyond weight, assessing body composition and functional markers is essential. Phase angle (PA), obtained through bioelectrical impedance, is a relevant indicator of cellular integrity and nutritional status. The rise of glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GLP-1 and GLP-1/GIP) agonists makes comparison with surgical outcomes increasingly important. This study aimed to evaluate changes in fat mass, lean mass, hydration, and PA after RYGB and compare these findings with evidence from pharmacological therapies. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted in 15 patients (18–50 years, BMI > 35 kg/m2) at Quirón Salud Hospital Torrevieja. Body composition was assessed using multifrequency bioelectrical impedance (TANITA BC-980) before surgery and at 3 and 12 months. All patients received structured nutritional follow-up. Repeated-measures ANOVA and the Friedman test were applied. Results: After 12 months, weight decreased by 40.06 ± 11.86 kg; fat mass by 30.43 ± 10.81 kg; and fat-free mass by 9.64 ± 5.31 kg. PA declined 11% during the first 3 months and then stabilized. Women lost more fat mass; men lost more lean mass. Conclusions: RYGB combined with nutritional support produces high-quality weight loss with relative preservation of lean tissue and stabilization of PA, which proves valuable for postoperative monitoring. Full article
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48 pages, 10227 KB  
Article
Microbiome Taxonomic and Functional Differences in C3H/HeJ Mice Fed a Long-Term High-Fat Diet with Casein Protein ± Ammonium Hydroxide Supplementation
by Brayan Montoya-Torres, Amandeep Kaur, Benjamin Barr, Emily Garrison, Mindy M. Brashears, Amanda M. V. Brown and Lauren S. Gollahon
Dietetics 2026, 5(1), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/dietetics5010013 - 26 Feb 2026
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Abstract
(1) Background: Acidogenic Western-style diets disrupt gut bacteria promoting obesity-related diseases. Here, we investigated whether long-term feeding of alkalinized dietary casein as a protein source (ammonium hydroxide enhancement, AHE) modulates microbiome structure/functions under high-fat conditions, and normal diets, and whether these responses are [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Acidogenic Western-style diets disrupt gut bacteria promoting obesity-related diseases. Here, we investigated whether long-term feeding of alkalinized dietary casein as a protein source (ammonium hydroxide enhancement, AHE) modulates microbiome structure/functions under high-fat conditions, and normal diets, and whether these responses are sex-dimorphic. (2) Methods: C3H/HeJ mice (N = 256; equal sex distribution) received either control casein (CC), AHE casein (CCN), high-fat casein (HFC), or AHE high-fat casein (HFCN) diets from 6 to 18 months. Body mass and survival were tracked; fecal samples collected at 16 months were sequenced and underwent shotgun metagenomics. (3) Results: Diet and sex jointly shaped host metrics. AHE diets taxonomically showed an abundance of Verrucomicrobiota phyla predominating in most cohorts, notably Akkermansia muciniphila. Within Pseudomonadota, Christensenella was identified, along with other taxa associated with beneficial health outcomes, including Lactococcus lactis, Lactococcus cremoris, Pediococcus acidilactici, and families Lachnospiraceae/Oscillospiraceae. Additionally, sex- and diet-dependent advantageous enriched functions associated with AHE that enhanced electron transport, B-vitamin cofactor pathways, and mucosal/redox support were observed. (4) Conclusions: In the long term, pH-directed protein chemistry is a tractable lever for gut ecology during high-fat feeding, enriching and promoting the balance of beneficial taxa, providing a mechanistic bridge between dietary acid load and microbiome remodeling. Full article
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