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Diagnostics
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Biomarkers for Neurodegenerative Disorders
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Biomarkers for Neurodegenerative Disorders

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2021) | Viewed by 8301

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Wataru Sako

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Guest Editor
Department of Neurology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
Interests: biomarker; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS); functional MRI; diffusion tensor imaging; enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA); multiplex assay; Parkinson’s disease (PD); multiple system atrophy (MSA), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP); amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease, dementia with Lewy body, multiple system atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy, Alzheimer’s disease, frontotemporal dementia, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, are characterized by progressive neuronal loss in the central nervous system, which leads to various symptoms and/or neurological findings according to a damaged cell type and lesions. In principle, these disorders are diagnosed by pathological findings including aggregates of proteins, part of which are now visualized by amyloid beta and tau positron emission tomography (PET) in several hospitals and institutions. However, PET is not easy to access due to high invasiveness, high cost, the short half-life of the tracer, and limited availability. Furthermore, there is discrepancy between pathological diagnosis and clinical phenotype based on symptoms and neurological findings. We need readily available biomarkers, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), MR spectroscopy (MRS), electroencephalography (EEG), polysomnography (PSG), and proteins in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or blood, to fill the gap between pathology and clinical practice.

This Special Issue aims to bring together a collection of cutting-edge research that focuses on diagnostic biomarkers as well as prognostic biomarkers for neurodegenerative disorders. I welcome studies with a small sample size if the highlighted method is novel and attractive. I hope this Special Issue will be of great help to clinical practice.

Dr. Wataru Sako
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biomarkers
  • MRI
  • MRS
  • functional MRI
  • diffusion weighted imaging
  • quantitative susceptibility mapping
  • enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA)
  • electrochemiluminescence (ECL)
  • single molecular array (Simoa)
  • multiplex assay
  • neurodegenerative disorders
  • PD
  • DLB
  • MSA
  • PSP
  • AD
  • FTD
  • ALS
  • diagnosis
  • prognosis

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 1322 KiB  
Article
The Cerebellum Is a Common Key for Visuospatial Execution and Attention in Parkinson’s Disease
by Wataru Sako, Takashi Abe, Yuki Matsumoto, Kazumi Nakamura, Shotaro Haji, Yusuke Osaki, Masafumi Harada and Yuishin Izumi
Diagnostics 2021, 11(6), 1042; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11061042 - 6 Jun 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2380
Abstract
Cognitive decline affects the clinical course in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and contributes to a poor prognosis. However, little is known about the underlying network-level abnormalities associated with each cognitive domain. We aimed to identify the networks related to each cognitive domain [...] Read more.
Cognitive decline affects the clinical course in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and contributes to a poor prognosis. However, little is known about the underlying network-level abnormalities associated with each cognitive domain. We aimed to identify the networks related to each cognitive domain in PD using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Forty patients with PD and 15 normal controls were enrolled. All subjects underwent MRI and the Mini-Mental State Examination. Furthermore, the cognitive function of patients with PD was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). We used independent component analysis of the resting-state functional MRI for functional segmentation, followed by reconstruction to identify each domain-related network, to predict scores in PD using multiple regression models. Six networks were identified, as follows: the visuospatial-executive-domain-related network (R2 = 0.54, p < 0.001), naming-domain-related network (R2 = 0.39, p < 0.001), attention-domain-related network (R2 = 0.86, p < 0.001), language-domain-related network (R2 = 0.64, p < 0.001), abstraction-related network (R2 = 0.10, p < 0.05), and orientation-domain-related network (R2 = 0.64, p < 0.001). Cerebellar lobule VII was involved in the visuospatial-executive-domain-related and attention-domain-related networks. These two domains are involved in the first three listed nonamnestic cognitive impairment in the diagnostic criteria for PD with dementia (PDD). Furthermore, Brodmann area 10 contributed most frequently to each domain-related network. Collectively, these findings suggest that cerebellar lobule VII may play a key role in cognitive impairment in nonamnestic types of PDD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomarkers for Neurodegenerative Disorders)
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11 pages, 5551 KiB  
Article
Elevated Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species within Cerebrospinal Fluid as New Index in the Early Detection of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
by Jin Young Hong, Hyunseong Kim, Wan-Jin Jeon, Junseon Lee and In-Hyuk Ha
Diagnostics 2021, 11(5), 748; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11050748 - 22 Apr 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1808
Abstract
Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a common neurodegenerative condition. However, how neurogenic claudication develops with severe leg pain has not yet been clearly elucidated. Moreover, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) physiology at the lumbosacral level is poorly understood because of the difficulties involved in quantification [...] Read more.
Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a common neurodegenerative condition. However, how neurogenic claudication develops with severe leg pain has not yet been clearly elucidated. Moreover, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) physiology at the lumbosacral level is poorly understood because of the difficulties involved in quantification and visualization. Recent studies have suggested that assessment of mitochondrial function in CSF provides an indirect way to assess neurological disorders and an important feature of disease progression. In this study, we assessed the relevance of endogenous extracellular mitochondria in the CSF of rats after LSS. Mitochondrial changes within the CSF were analyzed following LSS at 1 week using flow cytometry. An increase in cell size and number was observed in CSF with LSS, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were also increased within the CSF at 1 week in the LSS group. Elevated mitochondrial ROS and functional changes in the CSF are hallmarks of LSS. The present study is the first to demonstrate that elevated mitochondrial ROS within the CSF is a new index for the early detection of LSS. Moreover, it may represent a potential novel treatment target for LSS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomarkers for Neurodegenerative Disorders)
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Review

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16 pages, 301 KiB  
Review
Oxidative Stress as a Therapeutic Target in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Opportunities and Limitations
by Hee Ra Park and Eun Jin Yang
Diagnostics 2021, 11(9), 1546; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11091546 - 26 Aug 2021
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 3587
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as motor neuron disease (MND) and Lou Gehrig’s disease, is characterized by a loss of the lower motor neurons in the spinal cord and the upper motor neurons in the cerebral cortex. Due to the complex and [...] Read more.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as motor neuron disease (MND) and Lou Gehrig’s disease, is characterized by a loss of the lower motor neurons in the spinal cord and the upper motor neurons in the cerebral cortex. Due to the complex and multifactorial nature of the various risk factors and mechanisms that are related to motor neuronal degeneration, the pathological mechanisms of ALS are not fully understood. Oxidative stress is one of the known causes of ALS pathogenesis. This has been observed in patients as well as in cellular and animal models, and is known to induce mitochondrial dysfunction and the loss of motor neurons. Numerous therapeutic agents have been developed to inhibit oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. In this review, we describe the role of oxidative stress in ALS pathogenesis, and discuss several anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative agents as potential therapeutics for ALS. Although oxidative stress and antioxidant fields are meaningful approaches to delay disease progression and prolong the survival in ALS, it is necessary to investigate various animal models or humans with different subtypes of sporadic and familial ALS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomarkers for Neurodegenerative Disorders)
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