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Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Pediatric Diseases: 2nd...
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Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Pediatric Diseases: 2nd Edition

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Diagnosis and Prognosis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2026 | Viewed by 2056

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Elena Tarca

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
2. Department of Surgery II—Pediatric Surgery, Saint Mary’s Emergency Children Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania
Interests: neonatal medicine; congenital malformations; pediatric orthopedics and trauma; pediatric oncology; pediatric surgery; pediatric urology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It can be difficult to diagnose newborns and pediatric patients since their pathology is different from that of adults. The neonatal and pediatric pathology is also very diverse, and surgical interventions in the orthopedics, urological, oncological, or abdominal fields must be adapted to the age and particularities of the case.

This Special Issue is open to original papers, reviews, and case studies on a number of significant subjects, including the following: materno-fetal medicine, neonatal diagnostics, congenital malformations assessment, pediatric orthopedics and trauma evaluation, pediatric oncology, pediatric surgery, urology, and other diseases diagnostics.

In this Special Issue, we invite researchers from all pediatric fields to present their results from studies involving pediatric patients. 

Dr. Elena Tarca
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • pediatrics
  • neonatal medicine
  • congenital malformations
  • pediatric orthopedics and trauma
  • pediatric oncology
  • pediatric surgery
  • pediatric urology

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 2765 KB  
Article
Taking High-Tech to the Field: Leukemia Diagnosis in Pediatric Mexican Patients from Vulnerable and Remote Regions
by Dalia Ramírez-Ramírez, Gabriela Zamora-Herrera, Rubí Romo-Rodríguez, Miguel Cuéllar Mendoza, Karen Ayala-Contreras, Enrique López Aguilar, Marta Zapata-Tarrés and Rosana Pelayo
Diagnostics 2026, 16(3), 411; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16030411 - 28 Jan 2026
Viewed by 766
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Acute leukemia, the most common childhood cancer, poses a significant public health challenge in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) due to its high incidence and mortality rates. Survival rates in these regions are often lower, primarily due to delayed and inaccurate [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Acute leukemia, the most common childhood cancer, poses a significant public health challenge in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) due to its high incidence and mortality rates. Survival rates in these regions are often lower, primarily due to delayed and inaccurate diagnoses, limited access to treatment, therapy abandonment, therapy-related toxicity, and inadequate healthcare infrastructure. In Mexico, a new initiative called OncoCREAN has been developed to address this urgent need by establishing local treatment centers near pediatric patients’ home cities, ensuring timely cancer detection and comprehensive disease treatment. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted on pediatric patients treated at the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS) between 18 May 2022 and 30 June 2025. Patients presenting clinical suspicion of acute leukemia were referred to OncoCREAN centers for sample collection and subsequent shipment to the Oncoimmunology and Cytomics Laboratory (OCL), where immunophenotyping confirmed the diagnoses. Results: The implementation of the OncoCREAN model significantly reduced diagnostic turnaround times, facilitating timely therapeutic decisions, minimized uncertainty, and optimized clinical management. The decentralized framework demonstrated feasibility across diverse geographic regions, ensuring access to advanced diagnostic technology for vulnerable populations and generating valuable data on disease incidence and molecular profiles. Conclusions: The OncoCREAN model highlights the critical importance of decentralizing high-technology diagnostic resources in modern pediatric oncology. This new approach to translational research that is accessible, inclusive, and relevant to society creates a paradigm shift in the management of childhood cancer and other diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Pediatric Diseases: 2nd Edition)
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22 pages, 3932 KB  
Article
Obesity and Resting Metabolic Rate Assessed by Indirect Calorimetry in Pediatric Patients from Northeastern Romania
by Lorena Mihaela Manole, Elena Țarcă, Laura Otilia Boca, Mădălina Andreea Donos, Elena-Lia Spoială, Iulia Margasoiu, Otilia Elena Frăsinariu, Nicoleta Gabriela Ciobanu-Hașovschi, Viorel Țarcă and Laura Mihaela Trandafir
Diagnostics 2026, 16(2), 320; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16020320 - 19 Jan 2026
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 764
Abstract
Pediatric obesity is a growing public health concern, significantly increasing the risk of metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidities. Background/Objectives: This study aims to explore the burden of obesity, its associated comorbidities, and resting metabolic rate (RMR) assessed by indirect calorimetry among children and [...] Read more.
Pediatric obesity is a growing public health concern, significantly increasing the risk of metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidities. Background/Objectives: This study aims to explore the burden of obesity, its associated comorbidities, and resting metabolic rate (RMR) assessed by indirect calorimetry among children and adolescents in a cohort of 223 participants from Nord-East of Romania. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 223 children and adolescents (aged 4–18 years) who were diagnosed with obesity at Saint Mary Emergency Children’s Hospital Iași. Anthropometric measurements, clinical assessment, and biochemical parameters were recorded. RMR was measured by indirect calorimetry, using the Fitmate Pro Metabolic Technology (Cosmed, Rome, Italy), under a stable environment for 15 min, following a fasting period of minimum 6–8 h. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0, applying descriptive statistics and Pearson correlations. Results: A total of 223 participants were included in the analysis, with a mean age of 12.03 ± 3.32 years (range 4–17 years) and a mean body mass index (BMI) of 31.21 ± 5.84 kg/m2. The average RMR was 1687.5 ± 425.5 kcal/day, with higher values in males compared with females. RMR showed significant positive correlations with age (r = 0.60), BMI (r = 0.51), waist circumference (r = 0.67), and fat mass measured with a three-site formula technique (r = 0.51) and systolic (r = 0.45) and diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.19), all with p < 0.001. A weak inverse correlation was observed between RMR and the fitness index (r = −0.24, p < 0.001), indicating an association between lower fitness scores and higher RMR values. RMR showed no significant correlation with fasting glucose or lipid levels, indicating that metabolic rate was more influenced by body composition than by biochemical markers. Conclusions: Pediatric obesity is strongly linked to multiple comorbidities, emphasizing the need for early detection and targeted interventions. Higher BMI and central adiposity were associated with increased RMR. Indirect calorimetry provides valuable insights into the metabolic profile of children with obesity and can inform individualized management strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Pediatric Diseases: 2nd Edition)
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