Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Autoimmune Diseases

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Diagnosis and Prognosis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2026 | Viewed by 570

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
1. Division of Paediatric Rheumatology, Department of Paediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
2. Canadian Behcet and Autoinflammatory Disease Center (CAN-BE-AID), University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
Interests: pediatric rheumatology; autoinflammatory diseases; systemic vasculitides; systemic lupus erythematosus
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Autoimmune diseases arise from the persistent activation of self-reactive B and/or T lymphocytes due to the impairment of the physiological mechanisms of central and/or peripheral immunological tolerance. These multifactorial disorders typically involve a genetic predisposition—usually polygenic but often not well-defined—upon which diverse environmental factors act to trigger the autoimmune pathological process. Increasing evidence also highlights the role of the microbiome and epigenetic factors. Autoimmune diseases can affect individuals at any age, yet clinical features, pathological manifestations, and management strategies often differ significantly between pediatric, adult, and elderly patients. Finally, the recent COVID-19 pandemic has posed additional challenges in the field.

In this Special Issue, we aim to present the latest knowledge, ongoing advances, and future perspectives in biomedical research related to the diagnosis and management of autoimmune disorders. Moreover, articles investigating and discussing the immunopathogenic mechanisms, clinical characteristics (including comorbidities), and immune-mediated phenomena are also welcome.

Dr. Micol Romano
Prof. Dr. Dimitri Poddighe
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • autoimmunity
  • autoinflammatory diseases
  • rheumatology
  • innovative and biological therapies
  • comorbidity
  • immune-mediated manifestations

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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9 pages, 952 KB  
Case Report
PR3-ANCA Positive Behçet’s Disease with Severe Multisystem Involvement: A Diagnostic Challenge
by Aleksandra Plavsic, Snezana Arandjelovic, Uros Karic, Jelena Ljubicic, Jovana Stanisavljevic, Adi Hadzibegovic, Dragan Vasin, Sergej Marjanovic and Rada Miskovic
Diagnostics 2025, 15(22), 2897; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15222897 - 15 Nov 2025
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Abstract
Background: Behçet’s disease (BD) and granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) are distinct vasculitides. PR3-ANCA is considered specific for GPA, yet rare BD cases demonstrate positivity, creating diagnostic dilemmas. Case Presentation: We describe a young man fulfilling criteria for BD, presenting with recurrent oral and [...] Read more.
Background: Behçet’s disease (BD) and granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) are distinct vasculitides. PR3-ANCA is considered specific for GPA, yet rare BD cases demonstrate positivity, creating diagnostic dilemmas. Case Presentation: We describe a young man fulfilling criteria for BD, presenting with recurrent oral and genital ulcers, ocular inflammation, catastrophic jejunal perforations, pulmonary embolism, and myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries. Despite strong PR3-ANCA positivity, the global phenotype was consistent with BD. Management required a complex, multimodal immunosuppressive regimen that included corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide, therapeutic plasma exchange, and rituximab. Conclusions: PR3-ANCA positivity may represent a severe BD phenotype rather than true GPA overlap, underscoring the need for individualized treatment strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Autoimmune Diseases)
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