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Diagnostics
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Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Respiratory Illnesses
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Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Respiratory Illnesses

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2025 | Viewed by 6297

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Ahilanandan Dushianthan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Perioperative and Critical Care Theme, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, Hampshire, UK
Interests: lung injury; ARDS; mechanical ventilation; ICU; non-invasive ventilation; oxygen
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Anna T. Freeman

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Respiratory and Critical Care, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
2. Academic School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
Interests: respiratory; critical care and general medicine

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Respiratory illnesses, acute or chronic, impose a significant health burden and are responsible for a large number of hospitalizations. Despite the recent focus on acute respiratory infections due to the COVID-19 pandemic, chronic respiratory conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remain significant health challenges. Acute respiratory tract infections can lead to pneumonia and the subsequent development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which can result in a mortality rate of around 30–50%. COPD, lower respiratory tract infections and cancers related to the respiratory tract are among the top 10 causes of death worldwide. Therefore, improving our ability to diagnose and manage patients with respiratory illnesses is a critical research priority. This will enable us to target specific clinical phenotypes and improve patient stratification, leading to better clinical trial methodology and individualized patient management.

Dr. Ahilanandan Dushianthan
Dr. Anna T. Freeman
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • asthma
  • COPD
  • pneumonia
  • viral infection
  • ARDS
  • respiratory

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 228 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of the Relationship Between Air Pollutants and Emergency Department Admissions with Childhood Asthma
by Yakup Söğütlü, Uğur Altaş, Tuğba Altıntaş, Zeynep Meva Altaş, Sevgi Akova and Mehmet Yaşar Özkars
Diagnostics 2024, 14(24), 2778; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14242778 - 11 Dec 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 943
Abstract
Background: This study aims to evaluate the relationship between the number of visits to a pediatric emergency department due to asthma attacks and air pollutants. Methods: In this ecological study, all pediatric patients who visited the pediatric emergency department of a tertiary hospital [...] Read more.
Background: This study aims to evaluate the relationship between the number of visits to a pediatric emergency department due to asthma attacks and air pollutants. Methods: In this ecological study, all pediatric patients who visited the pediatric emergency department of a tertiary hospital in Istanbul with asthma between January 2016 and December 2023 were included. The effect of air pollution on the number of patient visits was analyzed using a negative binomial regression model. Results: Based on the negative binomial model, a one-unit increase in SO2 leads to a 0.020-unit decrease in the logarithm of the number of patient visits (p < 0.05). A one-unit increase in NO leads to a 0.040-unit increase in the logarithm of the number of patient visits (p < 0.05). According to factor analysis, as the levels of NO, NOx, PM2.5, NO2, and PM10 in the air increase, the number of patient visits also increases; however, as the level of SO2 increases, the number of patient visits decreases. Conclusions: Families should be informed about environmental exposures for disease management of children with asthma. The confounding factors may also play a role in SO2 level and the decrease in admissions due to asthma. Further studies are needed in this regard. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Respiratory Illnesses)

Review

Jump to: Research, Other

19 pages, 2409 KiB  
Review
Lung Ultrasound in Critical Care: A Narrative Review
by Lee Berry, Lucas Rehnberg, Paul Groves, Martin Knight, Michael Stewart and Ahilanandan Dushianthan
Diagnostics 2025, 15(6), 755; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15060755 - 17 Mar 2025
Viewed by 1822
Abstract
Lung ultrasound (LUS) has become a crucial part of the investigative tools available in the management of critically ill patients, both within the intensive care unit setting and in prehospital medicine. The increase in its application, in part driven by the COVID-19 pandemic, [...] Read more.
Lung ultrasound (LUS) has become a crucial part of the investigative tools available in the management of critically ill patients, both within the intensive care unit setting and in prehospital medicine. The increase in its application, in part driven by the COVID-19 pandemic, along with the easy access and use of mobile and handheld devices, allows for immediate access to information, reducing the need for other radiological investigations. LUS allows for the rapid and accurate diagnosis and grading of respiratory pathology, optimisation of ventilation, assessment of weaning, and monitoring of the efficacy of surfactant therapies. This, however, must occur within the framework of accreditation to ensure patient safety and prevent misinterpretation and misdiagnosis. This narrative review aims to outline the current uses of LUS within the context of published protocols, associated pathologies, LUS scoring systems, and their applications, whilst exploring more novel uses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Respiratory Illnesses)
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Other

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20 pages, 1770 KiB  
Systematic Review
Effects of Physical Exercise on the Body Composition and Functionality in Individuals with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review
by Daysa de Souza-Santos, Redha Taiar, José Alexandre Bachur, Luiza Torres-Nunes, Bruno Bessa Monteiro-Oliveira, Eliane de Oliveira Guedes-Aguiar, Ana Carolina Coelho-Oliveira, Vanessa Amaral Mendonça, Ana Cristina Rodrigues Lacerda, Anelise Sonza, Adérito Seixas, Mario Bernardo-Filho and Danúbia da Cunha de Sá-Caputo
Diagnostics 2024, 14(24), 2847; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14242847 - 18 Dec 2024
Viewed by 973
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous condition with airflow limitation and obstructive characteristics of respiratory function. In addition, musculoskeletal dysfunction and negative changes in body composition, among other comorbidities associated with this disease, result in a low quality of life. Pulmonary [...] Read more.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous condition with airflow limitation and obstructive characteristics of respiratory function. In addition, musculoskeletal dysfunction and negative changes in body composition, among other comorbidities associated with this disease, result in a low quality of life. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR), which includes physical exercise, can positively contribute to improving the clinical conditions in individuals with COPD. Objective: This systematic review aims to summarize the scientific evidence on the impact of physical exercise on body composition and functionality in individuals with COPD. Methods: Through Boolean searches, which were carried out in the PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, 989 studies were identified. Among these studies, six were selected based on the eligibility criteria. Results: These studies presented a level of evidence II according to National Health and Medical Research Council criteria, with a predominance of regular methodological quality of regular according to the PEDro scale. Four studies presented a high risk of bias, and two presented a low risk of bias according to the criteria of the RoB instrument. The isolated assessment of each domain (2.0 Cochrane) presented a prevalence of 57% with a low risk of bias, followed by 23% with high risk and 20% with an uncertain risk of bias. According to the data regarding outcomes of different studies, an improvement in functional capacity through physical exercise by individuals with COPD was observed. Simultaneously there were reports regarding body composition demonstrating no significant improvement in fat-free mass and fat mass. Conclusions: Improvements in the body composition and functionality in individuals with COPD can promote a better quality of life, favoring the management of this population. This systematic review presents evidence of the potential benefit of improving the functionality of individuals with COPD. Other aspects of the health of this population were also improved, such as quality of life. However, the results related to body composition are inconclusive regarding a decrease in fat mass and an increase in fat-free mass. Therefore, studies of higher quality should be developed to evaluate the effects of physical exercise on the body composition of individuals with COPD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Respiratory Illnesses)
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11 pages, 547 KiB  
Systematic Review
Real-World and Patient-Reported Outcomes of Dupilumab and Other Biological Drugs for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease—A Systematic Review
by Ophir Freund, Ori Wand, Sara Kutzkel, Boaz Tiran, Irina Pumin, Inbal Friedman Regev, Liran Levy and Amir Bar-Shai
Diagnostics 2024, 14(21), 2390; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14212390 - 26 Oct 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1922
Abstract
Background: Over the last few decades, the efficacy of biological therapies for COPD has been evaluated by different randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Still, the evaluation of real-world data and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) have not been performed in this field before. In the [...] Read more.
Background: Over the last few decades, the efficacy of biological therapies for COPD has been evaluated by different randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Still, the evaluation of real-world data and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) have not been performed in this field before. In the current work, we present a systematic literature review of the real-world data and PROMs of biological treatments for COPD. Methods: Three large databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect) were utilized for the systematic literature review. Clinical studies (RCT, cohorts, case series/reports) assessing patients with COPD treated by any biological therapy were included. Results: The review resulted in twelve eligible studies (nine randomized controlled trials and three “real-world” case series/reports). The evaluation of PROMs in the included studies was mainly limited to the severity and burden of respiratory symptoms. Most biological therapies were associated with improved PROMs compared to the baseline, although not for the placebo. Dupilumab was the only biologic therapy with proven efficacy in RCT for both objective and subjective measures. One prior study reported patients’ self-perceived drug effects, and none evaluated patients’ perceived disease status. Only 25 patients were assessed in a real-world setting for all biologic therapies combined. Real-world data were retrospective in the form of case reports or series. Conclusions: There are limited data on patients’ experience with biological therapies for COPD. While real-world data and PROMs are missing, biases such as a placebo effect must be considered, requiring their incorporation with objective outcomes from prospective controlled trials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Respiratory Illnesses)
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