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Advances in Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine: Contemporary Diagnosis and...
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Advances in Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine: Contemporary Diagnosis and Management

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Diagnosis and Prognosis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2026 | Viewed by 1198

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Te-Chun Shen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
2. School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
Interests: pulmonary and critical care medicine
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Pulmonary and critical care medicine remains one of the most vital and rapidly evolving fields in modern medicine, with far-reaching implications for public health and healthcare systems worldwide. The growing burden of respiratory diseases continues to challenge clinicians and researchers alike. In addition, the impact of air pollution, climate change, and aging populations underscores the urgent need for innovation in prevention, diagnosis, and management.

Recent advances in imaging, molecular diagnostics, and precision medicine have reshaped our understanding of pulmonary diseases, while progress in intensive care has significantly improved survival for critically ill patients. Yet, many unmet needs remain, including early detection of lung cancer, optimization of mechanical ventilation, and integration of multidisciplinary care models to enhance long-term outcomes.

This Special Issue aims to highlight current advances and future directions in pulmonary and critical care medicine. We welcome submissions that explore novel diagnostic tools, therapeutic interventions, translational research, and clinical practice innovations related to this field. Both basic and clinical investigations are encouraged, especially those addressing topics such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, interstitial lung disease, lung cancer, respiratory infection, obstructive sleep apnea, respiratory failure, and acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Dr. Te-Chun Shen
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
  • asthma
  • interstitial lung disease
  • lung cancer
  • respiratory infection
  • obstructive sleep apnea
  • respiratory failure
  • acute respiratory distress syndrome

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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12 pages, 1227 KB  
Article
Postoperative Day-28 Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as a Predictor of Early Mortality After Lung Transplantation
by Hyeon Kyeong Bae, Shihwan Chang, Ala Woo, Chanho Lee, Mindong Sung, Kyung Soo Chung, Song Yee Kim, Jin Gu Lee, Moo Suk Park, Young Sam Kim, Su Hwan Lee and Ah Young Leem
Diagnostics 2026, 16(8), 1170; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16081170 - 15 Apr 2026
Viewed by 475
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) may predict outcomes after organ transplantation. This study evaluated the peri-transplant prognostic value of NLR in lung transplantation (LTx). Methods: This retrospective study included 282 LTx recipients (2012–2020). NLR measured on PODs 1, 3, 7, and 28 [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) may predict outcomes after organ transplantation. This study evaluated the peri-transplant prognostic value of NLR in lung transplantation (LTx). Methods: This retrospective study included 282 LTx recipients (2012–2020). NLR measured on PODs 1, 3, 7, and 28 predicted 6-month mortality. Generalized estimating equations analyzed serial trends. Multivariable regression and ROC analysis identified predictors for a composite model, assessing discrimination and calibration. Results: Among 282 recipients (mean age, 54.2 years; male, 65.2%; idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, 54.3%), 24.1% died within 6 months, most commonly from infection. Median NLR increased sharply after LTx (pre-LTx, 5.4; POD 1, 23.1; POD 3, 31.2), then decreased (POD 7, 18.8; POD 28, 8.7). Non-survivors had significantly higher preoperative and postoperative NLRs, particularly on POD 28. POD 28 NLR independently predicted 6-month mortality (multivariable analysis: OR, 1.05 per unit; 95% CI, 1.02–1.07; p < 0.001), alongside age and donor lung PaO2/FiO2 (P/F) ratio. Notably, a composite model combining these variables demonstrated significantly superior discrimination (area under the curve [AUC], 0.742; p = 0.001) compared to the NLR-only model (AUC, 0.698; p < 0.05). GEE demonstrated significantly steeper post-transplant NLR decline among survivors than non-survivors after adjusting for age (p = 0.02). Patients with NLR > 9.20 at POD 28 (area under the curve, 0.698; 95% CI, 0.615–0.782; sensitivity, 71.4%; specificity, 59.8%)—showed significantly lower survival on Kaplan–Meier analysis (p < 0.001, log-rank). Conclusions: Persistent NLR elevation on POD 28 independently predicts early mortality post-LTx and may support routine post-transplant risk stratification. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine: Contemporary Diagnosis and Management)
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14 pages, 530 KB  
Protocol
Senicapoc in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis or Other Progressive Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Diseases: Protocol for a Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicentre Phase II Trial
by Line Kølner-Augustson, Alan Altraja, Elisabeth Bendstrup, Peter Bradding, Nanna Makholm, Andrew M. Wilson, Ulf Simonsen and Ole Hilberg
Diagnostics 2026, 16(11), 1649; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16111649 - 27 May 2026
Viewed by 228
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and other progressive fibrotic interstitial lung diseases (F-ILD) are characterised by progressive loss of lung function, worsening symptoms, and poor prognosis. Current antifibrotic therapies slow disease progression but do not arrest or reverse fibrosis and are frequently [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and other progressive fibrotic interstitial lung diseases (F-ILD) are characterised by progressive loss of lung function, worsening symptoms, and poor prognosis. Current antifibrotic therapies slow disease progression but do not arrest or reverse fibrosis and are frequently associated with adverse effects. Senicapoc, a selective KCa3.1 channel inhibitor, has shown antifibrotic effects in preclinical models, human lung myofibroblasts, and ex vivo human lung tissue. This study aims to determine whether senicapoc reduces the rate of decline in forced vital capacity (FVC) over 26 weeks, compared with placebo, in patients with IPF or other progressive F-ILD, while also characterising safety and tolerability. Methods: This is an investigator-initiated, prospective, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre phase II trial. Adults with IPF or other F-ILD with documented progression despite optimised antifibrotic management according to standard care and individual tolerability will be randomised 1:1 to receive senicapoc 30 mg once daily or a matching placebo for 26 weeks in addition to standard care. The primary outcome is the rate of decline in FVC over 26 weeks. Secondary outcomes include changes in diffusion capacity, 6 min walk distance, dyspnoea, health-related quality of life, adverse events, and senicapoc plasma concentrations, with mortality and exacerbations assessed as exploratory outcomes. The planned sample size is 140 participants. The primary analysis will be conducted in the intention-to-treat population using a linear mixed-effects model for repeated measurements. Results: No results are available, as this article describes the study protocol. Conclusions: This study will provide proof of concept for the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of senicapoc in progressive fibrotic interstitial lung disease. If successful, it will support further clinical development of KCa3.1 inhibition as a novel antifibrotic strategy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine: Contemporary Diagnosis and Management)
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