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Diagnostics
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Diabetes Mellitus: Clinical Diagnostics and Management
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Diabetes Mellitus: Clinical Diagnostics and Management

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Diagnosis and Prognosis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2026 | Viewed by 2280

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Syed M. Shahid

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Health & Sport Science, Eastern Institute of Technology (EIT), Auckland Campus, Auckland, New Zealand
Interests: medical and health sciences; medical biochemistry; medical genetics; public and community health; diabetes and its complications
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Diabetes mellitus (DM) remains a global health challenge, with rising prevalence and significant impacts on morbidity, mortality, and healthcare systems worldwide. Early and accurate diagnosis, alongside effective management strategies, is crucial for mitigating complications such as cardiovascular disease, neuropathy, and retinopathy. This Special Issue aims to highlight advancements in clinical diagnostics, innovative biomarkers, and personalized management approaches for DM, encompassing both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.

We invite submissions of original research articles, reviews, and clinical studies that explore novel diagnostic tools (e.g., AI-driven algorithms, point-of-care testing, and omics-based technologies), therapeutic monitoring, and interdisciplinary management strategies for DM. Contributions that address emerging trends in precision medicine, digital health interventions, and public health policies for diabetes care are also encouraged. By compiling cutting-edge research, this Issue seeks to enhance our understanding of DM, improve its early detection, and optimize therapeutic outcomes for patients with diabetes.

Dr. Syed M. Shahid
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • diabetes mellitus
  • clinical diagnostics
  • biomarkers
  • precision medicine
  • glycemic control
  • digital health

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 1746 KB  
Article
Tibial Artery Hemodynamics Predict Foveal Avascular Zone Enlargement in Type 2 Diabetes
by Lidia Ladea, Valentin Dinu, Ruxandra Coroleuca, Iulian Brezean, Eduard L. Catrina, Dana E. Nedelcu, Mihaela E. Vilcu, Cristian V. Toma, Adrian I. Georgevici and Christiana M. D. Dragosloveanu
Diagnostics 2026, 16(4), 528; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16040528 - 10 Feb 2026
Viewed by 443
Abstract
(1) Background: Diabetic retinopathy and peripheral arterial disease co-occur through shared endothelial pathophysiology. Ankle-brachial index (ABI), the standard peripheral screening tool, demonstrates poor sensitivity (35%) in diabetic cohorts due to medial arterial calcification. We comparatively assessed the association of peak-systolic velocity of [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Diabetic retinopathy and peripheral arterial disease co-occur through shared endothelial pathophysiology. Ankle-brachial index (ABI), the standard peripheral screening tool, demonstrates poor sensitivity (35%) in diabetic cohorts due to medial arterial calcification. We comparatively assessed the association of peak-systolic velocity of posterior/anterior tibial artery ratio (PT:AT) versus that of traditional pressure-based (ABI) with foveal avascular zone (FAZ), a marker of retinal ischemia, and thus hypothesized that PT:AT would demonstrate stronger association with FAZ compared to ABI in our cohort. (2) Methods: Cross-sectional pilot study of 30 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. We aimed to enhance the robustness of our results using five convergent statistical methods. (3) Results: PT:AT showed strong association with FAZ (r = 0.471, p = 0.0086, 95% CI [0.13, 0.71]), with convergent evidence across all five analytical methods. ABI showed no effect (r = −0.024, p = 0.901, 95% CI [−0.38, 0.34]). We showed that velocity-based metrics identify microvascular dysfunction, whereas the pressure-based ABI does not. The mediation analysis showed that the relation of PT:AT to FAZ is not significantly mediated by the resistivity index of ophthalmic artery. (4) Conclusions: In this pilot study, velocity-based tibial hemodynamics showed a stronger cross-sectional relationship with retinal microvascular damage compared to pressure-based ABI. These preliminary findings suggest PT:AT assessment may complement ABI screening in diabetic foot clinics to identify patients requiring intensive retinal surveillance. Multicenter validation is required before clinical implementation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diabetes Mellitus: Clinical Diagnostics and Management)
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14 pages, 740 KB  
Article
Impact of a Major Earthquake on Glycemic Control in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Study from Türkiye
by Sedat Ozdemir and Sadettin Ozturk
Diagnostics 2025, 15(18), 2361; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15182361 - 17 Sep 2025
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Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the 6 February 2023 Kahramanmaraş-centered earthquakes on glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by analyzing pre–post changes in HbA1c and fasting glucose. In addition, it sought to identify key clinical [...] Read more.
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the 6 February 2023 Kahramanmaraş-centered earthquakes on glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by analyzing pre–post changes in HbA1c and fasting glucose. In addition, it sought to identify key clinical and biochemical predictors of glycemic worsening in the post-disaster period using routinely available laboratory data. Materials and Methods: This retrospective pre–post observational cohort study included 550 adult patients with established T2DM who received care at two centers in Gaziantep, Türkiye. Laboratory data—including HbA1c, fasting glucose, triglycerides, HDL, and albumin—were compared between two periods: three months before and three to five months after the earthquake. Paired samples t-tests, Spearman’s correlation, multiple linear regression, and ROC analysis were used to evaluate changes in glycemic control and its predictors. Results: The mean age of the participants was 56.2 ± 11.0 years; 43.3% were male and 56.7% female. Post-earthquake, HbA1c (p = 0.012) and fasting glucose (p < 0.001) increased significantly, indicating deterioration in metabolic control. White blood cell (p = 0.003) and platelet counts (p < 0.001) rose, while HDL (p < 0.001), ALT (p = 0.002), and triglycerides (p = 0.010) decreased. ΔHbA1c correlated positively with ΔGlucose (r = 0.362, p < 0.001), ΔTriglyceride (r = 0.323, p < 0.001), LDL (r = 0.173, p < 0.001), and total cholesterol (r = 0.107, p = 0.032), and negatively with ΔAlbumin (r = −0.332, p = 0.029), ΔHDL (r = −0.175, p < 0.001), and WBC (r = −0.112, p = 0.009). In the fully adjusted multivariable model (age, sex, BMI, diabetes duration, insulin use), independent predictors of ΔHbA1c included ΔGlucose (β = 0.007, p < 0.001), ΔTriglyceride (β = 0.004, p = 0.001), ΔHDL (β = −0.010, p = 0.011), ΔAlbumin (β = −0.016, p = 0.007), and ΔWBC (β = −0.009, p = 0.022). Clinical predictors were BMI (β = 0.006, p = 0.045), diabetes duration >10 years (β = 0.094, p = 0.009), and insulin use (β = 0.121, p = 0.003) (Adjusted R2 = 0.319). ROC analysis confirmed ΔGlucose as the strongest predictor of worsening glycemic control (AUC = 0.81; sensitivity 82.1%, specificity 73.4%). Additional predictors included insulin use (AUC = 0.66, p < 0.001), ΔTriglyceride (AUC = 0.65, p < 0.001), BMI (AUC = 0.63, p = 0.002), diabetes duration >10 years (AUC = 0.62, p = 0.004), and ΔHDL (AUC = 0.61, p = 0.016), each providing more modest predictive value. Conclusions: Glycemic control became significantly worse in adults with T2DM after the February 2023 earthquake, as reflected by increases in HbA1c and fasting glucose. Both biochemical parameters (Glucose, Triglyceride, HDL, Albumin, WBC) and clinical characteristics (BMI, diabetes duration >10 years, insulin use) were independently associated with glycemic deterioration. Among these, glucose remained the strongest predictor (AUC = 0.81), while BMI, insulin therapy, and longer diabetes duration provided additional predictive value. These findings suggest that routinely available clinical and laboratory data can be used to identify patients at highest risk of metabolic decompensation in disaster settings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diabetes Mellitus: Clinical Diagnostics and Management)
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