Advances and Approaches in Managing Neurological Disorders: Multi-Omics and P4 Medicine

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2025 | Viewed by 1970

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
CureScience, 5820 Oberlin Dr 202, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
Interests: multi-omics; neurological disorders; P4 medicine; Appomics; neurodegenerative disorders

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue focuses on studies elevating and understanding novel biomarkers and approaches in diagnosing and improving the quality of life of patients suffering from neurological disorders.  Neurological disorders are caused by the malfunctioning of the central and peripheral nervous system, and are often related to genetic alterations. As the symptoms vary widely, these diseases are often unnoticed in the early stages. Neurodegeneration disorders are often related to aging, while neurodevelopmental issues are manifested from childhood. Both patients and their families and providers have distinctly different roles in improving the quality of life and management of these disorders. The participatory component of P4 medicine plays a huge role in defining the quality of life.

Traditionally, multi-omics refers to genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and other data sets that are derived from cells. On the other hand, a distinctly different set of “Appomics”—digital biomarkers powered by apps and wearables—are finding different sets of utilities, such as day-to-day dynamic insights and decision making. Together, they have tremendous potential to improve the quality of life and implementation of P4 medicine, specifically the participatory component. Multi-omics can power the precision and personalized molecular level understanding of the disease, while Appomics can empower the patient and the provider by providing day-to-day insights improving the quality of life. The successful integration of these two distinctly different data sets, along with implementing P4 medicine, has tremendous potential in understanding the risk, incidence, and management of these diseases.

This Special Issue explores the recent trends in multi-omics, Appomics, and P4 medicine approaches throughout disease manifestation and management. We invite original research articles, review articles, case reports, perspectives, and letters. Our focus is to showcase the recent trends in multi-omics, biomarkers, digital markers, approaches, strategies, and applications in interpreting, diagnosing, staging, and managing the disorder.  

Dr. Shashanka Ashili
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • multi-omics
  • neurological disorders
  • P4 medicine
  • Appomics
  • neurodegenerative disorders
  • neurodevelopmental disorders
  • personalized medicine
  • bioinformatics
  • aging

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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17 pages, 3976 KiB  
Article
Transcriptome Study in Sicilian Patients with Huntington’s Disease
by Michele Salemi, Vincenzo Di Stefano, Francesca A. Schillaci, Giovanna Marchese, Maria Grazia Salluzzo, Angela Cordella, Ilenia De Leo, Concetta Simona Perrotta, Giuseppe Nibali, Giuseppe Lanza and Raffaele Ferri
Diagnostics 2025, 15(4), 409; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15040409 - 7 Feb 2025
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: Huntington’s disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by the expansion of the CAG nucleotide repeat in the first exon of the huntingtin (HTT) gene. The disease typically manifests between the second and third decades of life [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Huntington’s disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by the expansion of the CAG nucleotide repeat in the first exon of the huntingtin (HTT) gene. The disease typically manifests between the second and third decades of life and progresses gradually. The pathogenesis of HD involves the dysregulation of gene expression, influenced by various molecular processes ranging from transcription to protein stability. Methods: To investigate potential variations in gene expression associated with HD, a transcriptome study was conducted using peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples from 15 HD patients and 15 controls, all of Sicilian origin. Results: The analysis identified 7179 statistically significant differentially expressed genes between the two groups. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and Gene Ontology (GO) terms were applied to identify the pathways affected by these differentially expressed mRNAs. The GSEA results highlighted significant associations between HD and GO pathways related to ribosomal functions and structure. These pathways were predominantly characterized by negative expression, with a substantial number of genes showing dysregulation. This suggests that the molecular processes leading to protein translation via ribosomes may be impaired in HD. Furthermore, dysregulation was observed in genes and non-coding RNAs involved in regulatory roles across various transcriptional processes. Conclusions: These findings support the hypothesis that the entire process, from transcription to translation, is disrupted in HD patients carrying the CAG repeat expansion in the first exon of the HTT gene. Full article
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35 pages, 2801 KiB  
Systematic Review
Clinical Characteristics of Neuropathic Pain and Its Relationship with Cancer in Different Corporal Areas—A Systematic Review
by Fernanda Danés-López, Cristóbal Diaz-Palominos, Anggie Ortiz Domínguez, Alanna Silva Rodriguez, Constanza Astorga, Daniela Martínez-Hernández, Juan Jose Valenzuela-Fuenzalida, Juan Sanchis-Gimeno, Pablo Nova-Baeza, Alejandra Suazo-Santibáñez, Gustavo Oyanedel-Amaro, Mathias Orellana-Donoso and Héctor Gutiérrez Espinoza
Diagnostics 2025, 15(1), 116; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15010116 - 6 Jan 2025
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Abstract
Background: Neuropathic pain (NP) and cancer are caused by nerve damage due to cancer or treatments such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery, with a prevalence that can reach up to 40%. Causes of neuropathic cancer pain (NCP) include direct nerve invasion or compression [...] Read more.
Background: Neuropathic pain (NP) and cancer are caused by nerve damage due to cancer or treatments such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery, with a prevalence that can reach up to 40%. Causes of neuropathic cancer pain (NCP) include direct nerve invasion or compression by the tumor, as well as neural toxicity associated with treatments. This type of pain is classified into several categories, such as plexopathy, radiculopathy, and peripheral neuropathies. Methods: Medline, Web of Science, Google Scholar, CINAHL, and LILACS databases were searched until October 2024. Two authors independently performed the search, study selection, and data extraction. Methodological quality was analyzed using the Robins-I tool. Results: The main findings of this review indicate that, depending on the cancer type, neuropathic pain will exhibit different characteristics, as well as identifying which types of cancer have a higher probability of presenting neuropathic pain. Additionally, there is a direct relationship whereby the more advanced the cancer, the greater the likelihood of experiencing neuropathic pain. Finally, although chemotherapy is employed as a cancer treatment, this therapy is quite invasive, and one of its adverse effects is that treated patients have a higher probability of developing neuropathic pain. Conclusions: Neuropathic pain is a condition that adversely affects patients with cancer. A detailed understanding of the relationships and triggers that produce this condition is present in only a small percentage of patients with cancer and is necessary to provide better treatment and gain a more comprehensive understanding of the characteristics of neuropathic pain. The objective of this study is to describe the relationship between different types of cancer or various treatments and the presence of NP. Full article
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