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Diagnostics
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Head and Neck Surgery: Diagnosis and Management
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Head and Neck Surgery: Diagnosis and Management

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2025) | Viewed by 5978

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Dongbin Ahn

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
Interests: head and neck oncology; human papillomavirus; head and neck surgery; thyroid/parathyroid surgery; ultrasound-guided intervention

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The management of head and neck tumors has remarkably improved over the last decades. This is associated with the technical progress of various imaging modalities such as ultrasonography, CT, MR and PET/CT; emerging role of the human papillomavirus (HPV) as a critical causative and prognostic factor of head and neck cancer (HNC); paradigm shift of the primary treatment from radical surgery to organ preservation modalities, gaining popularity in various types of endoscopic and robotic surgeries; and the introduction of immunotherapy in recurrent and metastatic HNCs. Despite such evident advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic aspects, survival rate in patients with HNC remains stationary. With respect to benign head and neck pathologies, there is an increasing need for non-invasive and function-preserving managements that allow for maintaining the normal quality of life even after treatment. Indeed, these issues are new research challenges for better diagnostic and therapeutic performance.

This Special Issue of Diagnostics aims to promote readers’ interest in current issues related to the diagnosis and treatment of various head neck pathologies, and we welcome any scientific attempts to refine the current protocol for HNC management. 

Dr. Dongbin Ahn
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • head and neck
  • human papillomavirus
  • minimal invasive
  • immunotherapy
  • quality of life

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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11 pages, 3061 KiB  
Article
The Morphological Stenosis Pattern of the Caroticoclinoid Foramen
by Ioannis Paschopoulos, George Triantafyllou, Panagiotis Papadopoulos-Manolarakis, Sabino Luzzi, Nektaria Karangeli, George Tsakotos, Renato Galzio and Maria Piagkou
Diagnostics 2025, 15(1), 76; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15010076 - 31 Dec 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 661
Abstract
Background: The caroticoclinoid bar (CCB) or caroticoclinoid foramen (CCF) represents a well-described ossified variant of the skull base. It corresponds to an osseous bridge (resulting after homonymous ligament ossification) between the anterior and middle clinoid processes (ACPs and MCPs) surrounding the internal [...] Read more.
Background: The caroticoclinoid bar (CCB) or caroticoclinoid foramen (CCF) represents a well-described ossified variant of the skull base. It corresponds to an osseous bridge (resulting after homonymous ligament ossification) between the anterior and middle clinoid processes (ACPs and MCPs) surrounding the internal carotid artery (ICA)’s cavernous segment. Although extensive research has been performed on this clinically significant entity, only a few studies have been conducted on its effect on the ICA. The current study on dried skulls, using computed tomography (CT) and computed tomography angiography (CTA) scans, aimed to investigate the CCB’s presence and potential morphological stenosis patterns. Methods: One hundred (100) dried adult skulls and one hundred sixty (160) skulls from CT scans of patients were obtained (a total of 520 observations). To further calculate the ICA diameter (at the ACP-MCP region) and correlate the resulting dimeters with all potential morphological stenosis patterns of the CCB, thirty (30) CTAs of patients free of the variant were selected. Results: Concerning the osseous pattern morphology, of the total of 520 sides, the CCB was identified in 17.1%, the complete variant (creating a caroticoclinoid foramen-CCF) was calculated in 11.5%, and the incomplete one was calculated in 5.6%. No side, sex, or age impact was identified for the CCB presence. Concerning the ICA dimensions, its diameter was calculated to be between 4 and 5 mm. Thus, we observed three morphological stenosis patterns of the CCF. A low-risk pattern of stenosis (>5 mm diameter) was observed in 40 CCFs (44.9%), an intermediate risk of stenosis (4–5 mm diameter) in 38 CCFs (38.2%), and a high risk of stenosis (<4 mm diameter) was depicted in 15 CCFs (16.8%). Conclusions: In the present study, we investigated the CCF presence and potential morphological stenosis patterns by calculating and correlating the ICA diameter. In 16.8% of the current sample with CCFs (irrespective of their morphology), we observed that the ICA is probably at a high risk of compression. Radiologists and neurosurgeons intervening in the area should preoperatively diagnose the possibility of ICA compression in this area. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Head and Neck Surgery: Diagnosis and Management)
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13 pages, 792 KiB  
Article
Could SLC26A7 Be a Promising Marker for Preoperative Diagnosis of High-Grade Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma?
by Sergei E. Titov, Evgeniya S. Kozorezova, Sergei A. Lukyanov, Sergei V. Sergiyko, Pavel S. Demenkov, Yulia A. Veryaskina, Sergey L. Vorobyev, Ilya V. Sleptsov, Roman A. Chernikov, Natalia I. Timofeeva, Svetlana V. Barashkova, Elena L. Lushnikova, Anna A. Uspenskaya, Anna V. Zolotoukho, Olga V. Romanova and Igor F. Zhimulev
Diagnostics 2024, 14(23), 2652; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14232652 - 25 Nov 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 964
Abstract
Background/Objectives: A modern classification distinguishes between two nosological entities posing an intermediate risk between differentiated and anaplastic carcinoma: poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma and differentiated high-grade thyroid carcinoma. There are currently few studies searching for the preoperative molecular genetic markers of high-grade papillary thyroid [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: A modern classification distinguishes between two nosological entities posing an intermediate risk between differentiated and anaplastic carcinoma: poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma and differentiated high-grade thyroid carcinoma. There are currently few studies searching for the preoperative molecular genetic markers of high-grade papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC HG), primarily because of a recent WHO reclassification and singling out of a separate entity: high-grade follicular cell-derived nonanaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Therefore, this work was aimed at identifying PTC HG-specific microRNAs and mRNAs that reliably distinguish them from differentiated papillary thyroid carcinoma in preoperative cytology specimens (fine-needle aspiration biopsies). Methods: A molecular genetic profile (expression levels of 14 genes and eight microRNAs) was studied in 110 cytology specimens from patients with PTC: 13 PTCs HG and 97 PTCs without features of HG. Results: Of the examined eight microRNAs and 14 genes, significant differences in the expression levels between the PTC and PTC HG groups were revealed for genes SLC26A7, TFF3, and TPO. Only one gene (SLC26A7) proved to be crucial for detecting PTC HG. It showed the largest area under the ROC curve (0.816) in differentiation between the PTC and PTC HG groups and was the key element of the decision tree by ensuring 54% sensitivity and 87.6% specificity. Conclusions: Early preoperative diagnosis of PTC HG in patients with early stages of this cancer type will allow clinicians to modify a treatment strategy toward a larger surgery volume and lymph node dissection and may provide indications for subsequent radioactive iodine therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Head and Neck Surgery: Diagnosis and Management)
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11 pages, 2170 KiB  
Article
Morphological Characteristics of the Double Mental Foramen and Its Relevance in Clinical Practice: An Observational Study
by Alejandro Bruna-Mejias, Pablo Nova-Baeza, Florencia Torres-Riquelme, Maria Fernanda Delgado-Retamal, Mathias Orellana-Donoso, Alejandra Suazo-Santibañez, Walter Sepulveda-Loyola, Iván Valdés-Orrego, Juan Sanchis-Gimeno and Juan José Valenzuela-Fuenzalida
Diagnostics 2024, 14(12), 1277; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14121277 - 17 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2382
Abstract
The mental foramen (MF) is an opening found bilaterally on the anterolateral aspect of the mandible; it can be round or oval and have different diameters. One of the anatomical variants of the jaw is the presence of an accessory mental foramen (AMF). [...] Read more.
The mental foramen (MF) is an opening found bilaterally on the anterolateral aspect of the mandible; it can be round or oval and have different diameters. One of the anatomical variants of the jaw is the presence of an accessory mental foramen (AMF). These are usually smaller than the MF and can be located above, below, or to the sides of the main MF. The objective of this study was to recognize the presence of AMF in dry jaws of the Chilean population and collect information about its clinical relevance reported in the literature. In this descriptive observational study, we have collected dried jaws obtained from three higher education institutions in Santiago de Chile, from the Department of Morphology of the Andrés Bello University, the Normal Human Anatomy Unit of the University of Santiago, and the Human Anatomy pavilion from the Faculty of Medicine of the Finis Terrae University. The samples for this research were obtained by convenience, and the observation of the jaws was carried out in the human anatomy laboratories of each institution by three evaluators independently, and a fourth evaluator was included to validate that each evaluation was correct. The sample for this research came from 260 dry jaws, showing the following findings from the total jaws studied, and to classify as an accessory MF, it will be examined and measured so that it complies with what is declared in the literature as the presence of AMF, which is between 0.74 mm. and 0.89 mm. There were 17 studies included with a sample that fluctuated between 1 and 4000, with a cumulative total of 7946 and an average number of jaws analyzed from the studies of 467.4, showing statistically significant differences between the means with the sample analyzed in this study; p = 0.095. For the cumulative prevalence of the presence of AMF, this was 3.07 in this study, and in the compared studies, the average of AMF was 8.01%, which did not present a statistically significant difference; p = 0.158. Regarding the presence of variants of unilateral AMF, this occurred in five jaws, which is equivalent to 1.84% in the sample of this study, while in previous studies, it was 7.5%, being higher on the left side than on the right. The presence of AMF is a variant with high prevalence if we compare it with other variants of the jaw. Knowledge of the anatomy and position of the AMF is crucial to analyze different scenarios in the face of surgical procedures or conservative treatments of the lower anterior dental region. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Head and Neck Surgery: Diagnosis and Management)
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21 pages, 1967 KiB  
Systematic Review
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Internal Jugular Vein Variants and Their Relationship to Clinical Implications in the Head and Neck
by Pablo Nova-Baeza, Juan José Valenzuela-Fuenzalida, Rocio Valdivia-Arroyo, Emelyn Sofia Becerra-Rodríguez, Catalina Escalona-Manzo, Yesica Tatiana Castaño-Gallego, Ricardo Miguel Luque-Bernal, Gustavo Oyanedel-Amaro, Alejandra Suazo-Santibáñez, Mathias Orellana-Donoso, Alejandro Bruna-Mejias, Juan Sanchis-Gimeno and Héctor Gutiérrez-Espinoza
Diagnostics 2024, 14(23), 2765; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14232765 - 9 Dec 2024
Viewed by 1400
Abstract
Background: The internal jugular vein (IJV) is a vascular structure that is responsible for the venous drainage of both the head and neck and is commonly found posterior to the internal carotid artery and adjacent to cervical lymph nodes or nerve structures [...] Read more.
Background: The internal jugular vein (IJV) is a vascular structure that is responsible for the venous drainage of both the head and neck and is commonly found posterior to the internal carotid artery and adjacent to cervical lymph nodes or nerve structures such as the glossopharyngeal and accessory nerves. As a vagal nerve, it is an important reference point for surgical access in neck interventions and dissections. Methods: The databases Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, CINAHL, and LILACS were searched until August 2024. Methodological quality was evaluated with an assurance tool for anatomical studies (AQUA). Pooled prevalence was estimated using a random effects model. Results: A total of 10 studies met the established selection criteria in this meta-analysis study. The prevalence of variants of the IJV was 3.36% (CI: 2.81–6.96%), with a heterogeneity of 94.46%. Regarding the subgroup analysis, no study presents statistically significant differences in the studies analyzed for this review. Conclusions: Knowing the IJV variants in detail will make early diagnosis useful, especially in surgeries in the neck region and in classic surgeries such as thyroidectomies and tracheostomies, among others. It will be important to know the position of the IJV. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Head and Neck Surgery: Diagnosis and Management)
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