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Diagnostics
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Ultrasound Technologies in Clinical Medicine: Recent Advances in Gastroenterology
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Ultrasound Technologies in Clinical Medicine: Recent Advances in Gastroenterology

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Imaging and Theranostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2024) | Viewed by 7229

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Hideaki Ishida

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Akita Red Cross Hospital, Kamikitate Saruta aza Naeshirosawa 222-1, Akita 010-1495, Japan
Interests: ultrasound technology; ultrasound examination; image interpretation; diagnostic pitfall; gastroenterology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The past 20 years have seen remarkable advancements in ultrasound technology, such as endoscopic ultrasonography, contrast-enhanced sonography, ultrasound elastography, ultrasound attenuation imaging, and artificial intelligence (AI)-aided diagnosis. Ultrasound has many diagnostic advantages compared with other diagnostic modalities (CT, MRI), including real-time visualization, non-irradiation, non-renal toxicity. These technological advances have yielded remarkable progress in diagnostic confidence, especially in gastroenterology. However, on the other hand, a sufficient knowledge of US physics, US technologies used in each method, and a skillful manipulation of machines is needed to avoid misinterpretation of obtained results. The aim and scope of this Special Issue is to explain the basic technologies used in current ultrasound examinations to clarify the diagnostic benefits and limitations in each of the aforementioned ultrasound methods. We will also enumerate some important points for avoiding diagnostic errors encountered frequently in clinical settings.

Prof. Dr. Hideaki Ishida
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ultrasound technology
  • ultrasound examination
  • image interpretation
  • diagnostic pitfall
  • gastroenterology

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 1321 KiB  
Article
Non-Operating Room Anesthesia (NORA) for Ultrasound-Guided Liver Radiofrequency Ablation
by Carlo Felix Maria Jung, Elisa Liverani, Cecilia Binda, Ludovica Cristofaro, Alberto Gori, Luigina Vanessa Alemanni, Alessandro Sartini, Chiara Coluccio, Giulia Gibiino, Chiara Petraroli, Carla Serra and Carlo Fabbri
Diagnostics 2024, 14(16), 1783; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14161783 - 15 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1191
Abstract
Introduction: Percutaneous ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a well-studied treatment option for locally non-advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colorectal liver metastases (CRLMs). Sedation is of crucial interest as it enables safe and pain-free procedures. Whether the type of sedation has an impact on [...] Read more.
Introduction: Percutaneous ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a well-studied treatment option for locally non-advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colorectal liver metastases (CRLMs). Sedation is of crucial interest as it enables safe and pain-free procedures. Whether the type of sedation has an impact on procedural outcome is still not well investigated. Methods: We retrospectively collected data on patients undergoing liver RFA for various oncological conditions. Procedures were conducted in a non-operating room anesthesia (NORA) setting. Procedural-related complications and short-term oncological outcomes were analyzed. Results: Thirty-five patients (mean age 71.5 y, 80% male) were treated for HCC (26), CRLM (6) and gastric cancer metastases (3). Mean lesion size was 21 mm (SD ± 10.1 mm), and the most common tumor localization was the right hepatic lobe. RFA was performed in a step-up sedation approach, with subcutaneous lidocaine injection prior to needle placement and subsequent deep sedation during ablation. No anesthesia-related early or late complications occurred. One patient presented with pleural effusion due to a large ablation zone and was treated conservatively. Local tumor-free survival after 1 and 6 months was 100% in all cases where a curative RFA approach was intended. Conclusions: NORA for liver RFA comes with high patient acceptance and tolerance, and optimal postoperative outcomes and oncologic results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ultrasound Technologies in Clinical Medicine: Recent Advances in Gastroenterology)
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16 pages, 13207 KiB  
Article
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Portal Cavernoma in Adult Patients with Portal Vein Thrombosis
by Sergiu Marian Cazacu, Dragoș Ovidiu Alexandru, Daniela Dumitrescu, Alexandru Marian Vieru, Marinela Cristiana Urhuț and Larisa Daniela Săndulescu
Diagnostics 2024, 14(13), 1445; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14131445 - 6 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1968
Abstract
Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) represents a restriction or occlusion of the portal vein by a blood clot, which can appear in liver cirrhosis, inherited or acquired thrombophilia, malignancies, abdominal infection, abdominal inflammation, and injury to the portal vein; it can evolve to local [...] Read more.
Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) represents a restriction or occlusion of the portal vein by a blood clot, which can appear in liver cirrhosis, inherited or acquired thrombophilia, malignancies, abdominal infection, abdominal inflammation, and injury to the portal vein; it can evolve to local venous extension, recanalization, or portal cavernoma (PC). This research represents an observational study of patients admitted with a diagnosis of PVT between January 2018 and December 2022. We assessed the rate of and risk factors for PC. In total, 189 patients with PVT were included; the rate of PC was 14.8%. In univariate and multivariate analysis, the main risk factors for the presence of PC were etiology (thrombophilia, myeloproliferative disorders, local inflammatory diseases, and idiopathic causes), prior PVT, and complete versus incomplete or single-branch portal obstruction. In patients with superior mesenteric vein (SMV) thrombosis, distal obstruction was more prone to PC than proximal obstruction. The main predictive factors were etiology, prior PVT, complete PVT obstruction, and no prior non-selective beta-blocker (NSBB) use; in patients with SMV thrombosis, the distal extension was more significantly associated with the risk of PC. We propose a composite score for the prediction of PC which includes etiology, prior diagnosis of PVT, prior NSBB use, complete versus incomplete PVT, and distal versus proximal SMV thrombosis, with good accuracy (AUC 0.822) and an estimated sensitivity of 76.92% and specificity of 82.39% at a cut-off value of 4. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ultrasound Technologies in Clinical Medicine: Recent Advances in Gastroenterology)
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Review

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16 pages, 3258 KiB  
Review
Endoscopic Ultrasound and Intraductal Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Biliary Tract Diseases: A Narrative Review
by Akiya Nakahata, Yasunobu Yamashita and Masayuki Kitano
Diagnostics 2024, 14(18), 2086; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14182086 - 20 Sep 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1676
Abstract
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and intraductal ultrasound (IDUS) play very important roles in the field of biliary tract disease. Because of their excellent spatial resolution, the detection of small lesions and T- or N-staging of tumors have become possible. Additionally, contrast-enhanced EUS and the [...] Read more.
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and intraductal ultrasound (IDUS) play very important roles in the field of biliary tract disease. Because of their excellent spatial resolution, the detection of small lesions and T- or N-staging of tumors have become possible. Additionally, contrast-enhanced EUS and the new imaging technique of detective flow imaging are reported to be useful for differential diagnosis. Furthermore, EUS-guided tissue acquisition is used not only for pathological diagnosis but also to collect tissue samples for cancer genome profiling. This review provides an overview of diagnosis utilizing the features and techniques of EUS and IDUS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ultrasound Technologies in Clinical Medicine: Recent Advances in Gastroenterology)
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16 pages, 18959 KiB  
Review
Contrast-Enhanced Sonography of the Liver: How to Avoid Artifacts
by Hiroko Naganuma, Hideaki Ishida, Hiroshi Nagai and Atushi Uno
Diagnostics 2024, 14(16), 1817; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14161817 - 20 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 864
Abstract
Contrast-enhanced sonography (CEUS) is a very important diagnostic imaging tool in clinical settings. However, it is associated with possible artifacts, such as B-mode US-related artifacts. Sufficient knowledge of US physics and these artifacts is indispensable to avoid the misinterpretation of CEUS images. This [...] Read more.
Contrast-enhanced sonography (CEUS) is a very important diagnostic imaging tool in clinical settings. However, it is associated with possible artifacts, such as B-mode US-related artifacts. Sufficient knowledge of US physics and these artifacts is indispensable to avoid the misinterpretation of CEUS images. This review aims to explain the basic physics of CEUS and the associated artifacts and to provide some examples to avoid them. This review includes problems related to the frame rate, scanning modes, and various artifacts encountered in daily CEUS examinations. Artifacts in CEUS can be divided into two groups: (1) B-mode US-related artifacts, which form the background of the CEUS image, and (2) artifacts that are specifically related to the CEUS method. The former includes refraction, reflection, reverberation (multiple reflections), attenuation, mirror image, and range-ambiguity artifacts. In the former case, the knowledge of B-mode US is sufficient to read the displayed artifactual image. Thus, in this group, the most useful artifact avoidance strategy is to use the reference B-mode image, which allows for a simultaneous comparison between the CEUS and B-mode images. In the latter case, CEUS-specific artifacts include microbubble destruction artifacts, prolonged heterogeneous accumulation artifacts, and CEUS-related posterior echo enhancement; these require an understanding of the mechanism of their appearance in CEUS images for correct image interpretation. Thus, in this group, the most useful artifact avoidance strategy is to confirm the phenomenon’s instability by changing the examination conditions, including the frequency, depth, and other parameters. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ultrasound Technologies in Clinical Medicine: Recent Advances in Gastroenterology)
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