Emerging Technologies for Lung Disease Detection and Clinical Assessment

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Diagnosis and Prognosis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2026 | Viewed by 524

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, School of Medicine, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA
Interests: pulmonary medicine; critical care; lung diseases

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Guest Editor
1. IMVARIA Inc., 2930 Domingo Ave, Berkeley, CA 94705, USA
2. Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
Interests: machine learning; lung diseases

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The assessment of lung disease represents a complex multimodal challenge involving the interrogation of clinical histories, functional testing, laboratory testing, genetic testing, and importantly, radiologic imaging. For years, chest radiography has been the most frequently used general assessment imaging test, and chest computed tomography (CT) is the highest precision noninvasive test for better characterizing lung disease; both are capable of conveying meaningful insights into a wide range of lung diseases. Improved precision beyond subjective interpretation with fields like radiomic analysis dates back decades; however, modern artificial intelligence technologies represent a seismic shift from theoretical bench work to routine clinical application.

Uses of modern machine learning and artificial intelligence in lung imaging are finally making their way into day-to-day clinical practice, with regulatory authorizations for uses in pre-procedural planning and targeting; lesion risk stratification and malignancy assessment; better characterization of diffuse lung diseases; and early detection of disease.

This Special Issue of Diagnostics focuses on the clinical translation of machine learning and AI in lung imaging as it pertains to real-world clinical use. We aim to contribute to the substantial base of the medical research literature by emphasizing clinical utility and the impact of such technologies today and in the near future.

Dr. Scott Matson
Dr. Joshua Jay Reicher
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • medical imaging
  • artificial intelligence (AI)
  • radiology
  • machine learning (ML)

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

12 pages, 502 KB  
Article
Reducing Lung Biopsy Complications with Saline Injection: Evidence from a CT-Guided Cohort Study
by Mohammed Khalaf, Yaroslava Von Rymon Lipinski and Sascha Herber
Diagnostics 2026, 16(9), 1322; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16091322 - 28 Apr 2026
Viewed by 283
Abstract
Purpose: In this study, our aim is to assess the efficacy of saline-assisted needle withdrawal in minimizing pneumothorax and bleeding complications during CT-guided lung biopsies. Methods: In this retrospective study, 400 patients who underwent CT-guided lung biopsy were divided into two groups: 200 [...] Read more.
Purpose: In this study, our aim is to assess the efficacy of saline-assisted needle withdrawal in minimizing pneumothorax and bleeding complications during CT-guided lung biopsies. Methods: In this retrospective study, 400 patients who underwent CT-guided lung biopsy were divided into two groups: 200 patients underwent conventional needle withdrawal (control group), and the other 200 patients underwent saline-assisted needle withdrawal (NaCl group). Needle angle, patient positioning, demographic data, and other procedural variables were collected. The primary outcome was the incidence of pneumothorax; secondary outcomes included bleeding rates and the impact of procedural factors on complication risk. Statistical analyses included Chi-square tests, logistic regression, and multinomial modeling. Results: The NaCl group demonstrated a significantly lower incidence of clinically significant pneumothorax (13.5%) compared to the control group (22.0%) (p = 0.007), while bleeding complications occurred in 26.5% of patients in the former versus 45.0% in the latter (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis suggested a non-significant trend toward a higher pneumothorax risk with shallow needle angles (<60°; p = 0.502). Saline injection was especially advantageous in patients with underlying lung disease, reducing pneumothorax severity even when overall incidence rates were similar. No adverse events were attributed to the use of saline. Conclusions: Saline-assisted tract sealing is a safe and cost-effective technique that significantly reduces the risk of clinically significant pneumothorax and bleeding in CT-guided lung biopsies. Due to its simplicity and favorable safety profile, this approach holds considerable promise for widespread clinical implementation. Full article
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