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Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Bone Diseases in...
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Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Bone Diseases in 2025

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Diagnosis and Prognosis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2025 | Viewed by 828

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Hans-Christof Schober

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
OrthoCoast, Practice for Orthopedics and Osteology, Hufelandstraße 1, 17438 Wolgast, Germany
Interests: osteoporosis; diagnostic; morphology; forces; muscle strength; therapy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Osteoporosis is defined as a skeletal disorder characterized by compromised bone strength, which predisposes individuals to an increased risk of fractures. Annually, fractures related to osteoporosis affect approximately 1.4 million people. While osteoporosis is more prevalent after menopause, various factors contribute to bone loss and an increased fracture risk in both premenopausal women and men. Specifically, diseases that alter bone metabolism can lead to changes in bone structure, as well as alterations in muscle strength, which reduce stabilization. Modern therapies for osteoporosis, based on well-designed studies, include anabolic treatments followed by antiresorptive therapies, which have been shown to effectively reduce fracture risk. Our understanding of the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis has advanced significantly, paralleling improvements in technology for assessing fracture risk and the availability of current therapies. This Special Issue will not be comprehensive but aims to provide insights into the diagnostic and therapeutic scope of osteoporosis.

Prof. Dr. Hans-Christof Schober
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • osteoporosis
  • diagnostic
  • morphology
  • forces
  • muscle strength
  • therapy

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 3280 KiB  
Article
Osteoporosis Assessment Using Bone Density Measurement in Hounsfield Units in the Femoral Native CT Cross-Section: A Comparison with Computed Tomography X-Ray Absorptiometry of the Hip
by Julian Ramin Andresen, Guido Schröder, Thomas Haider, Hans-Christof Schober and Reimer Andresen
Diagnostics 2025, 15(8), 1014; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15081014 - 16 Apr 2025
Viewed by 211
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Bone mineral density (BMD) loss leads to osteoporosis, significantly increasing fracture risk in both the axial and peripheral skeleton. The extent to which it is possible to estimate the degree of osteoporosis in the hip by determining the density in Hounsfield Unit [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Bone mineral density (BMD) loss leads to osteoporosis, significantly increasing fracture risk in both the axial and peripheral skeleton. The extent to which it is possible to estimate the degree of osteoporosis in the hip by determining the density in Hounsfield Unit (HU) measurements derived from computed tomography (CT) scans and to calculate quantitative BMD and T values from the HU values should be examined. Methods: A total of 240 patients (mean age: 64.9 ± 13.1 years, BMI: 26.8 ± 6.8 kg/m2) underwent CT-based BMD assessments using CTXA-Hip. Subregions of the proximal femur, including the femoral head, femoral neck, and intertrochanteric region, were analyzed for cancellous density in HUs using circular and irregular region-of-interest (ROI) measurements. Correlations between HU values and DEXA-equivalent BMD (mg/cm2) and T values were computed. Predictive power for osteoporosis was evaluated using ROC curve analysis. Results: Cancellous bone density in the proximal femur showed a significant decline with increasing age and decreasing BMI (p < 0.05). The median BMD for the entire hip was 0.684 mg/cm2, and the median HU value for the proximal femur was 123.15. Strong correlations were observed between HU values and BMD (R2 = 0.904, p < 0.001) and T values (R2 = 0.911, p < 0.001). A T value of −2.5 corresponded to an HU value of 95.79 in the entire femur. ROC analysis demonstrated high sensitivity (0.92) and specificity (0.93) for HU-based osteoporosis prediction. Conclusions: HU measurements provide a reliable method for estimating BMD and T values in the proximal femur, offering a valuable diagnostic tool for osteoporosis. The highest predictive accuracy was achieved when using an irregular ROI from the entire proximal femoral region. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Bone Diseases in 2025)
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11 pages, 672 KiB  
Article
Association Between Mandibular Cortical Erosion and Bone Mineral Density Assessed by Phalangeal Ultrasound and Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry in Spanish Women
by Maria L. Canal-Macías, Vicente Vera-Rodríguez, Olga Leal-Hernández, Julián Fernando Calderón-García, Raúl Roncero-Martín, Francisco García-Blázquez, Sergio Rico-Martín, Fidel López-Espuela, José M. Morán, Juan Fabregat-Fernández, Jesús M. Lavado-García and María Pedrera-Canal
Diagnostics 2025, 15(4), 507; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15040507 - 19 Feb 2025
Viewed by 432
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Analysing the characteristics of the mandibular bone through panoramic radiographs could be useful as a prescreening tool for detecting individuals with osteoporosis. The aims of this study were to evaluate the possible associations between the mandibular cortical index (MCI) [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Analysing the characteristics of the mandibular bone through panoramic radiographs could be useful as a prescreening tool for detecting individuals with osteoporosis. The aims of this study were to evaluate the possible associations between the mandibular cortical index (MCI) and bone mineral density (BMD) in various bone regions, to investigate whether BMD better identifies moderate–severe mandibular erosion or severe mandibular erosion, and to establish BMD cut-off points to identify individuals with moderate or severe mandibular cortical erosion. Methods: This study analysed 179 Spanish Caucasian women between September 2021 and June 2024. Bone measurements, including amplitude-dependent speed of sound (Ad-SOS), the ultrasound bone profiler index (UBPI), and the bone transmission time (BTT), were obtained via dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for the femoral neck, lumbar spine, and trochanter and quantitative bone ultrasound (QUS) for the phalanx. The MCI was calculated via the Klemetti index from panoramic radiographs. Results: According to the Klemetti index classification, lower QUS measurements in the phalanx and DXA measurements in the femoral neck, trochanter, and lumbar spine were found in women with poorer mandibular cortical bone quality. Our results revealed that, compared with moderate cortical erosion, all the BMD measures had better AUCs when identifying severe cortical erosion. Moreover, femoral neck BMD had the largest area under the curve (AUC = 0.719) for detecting severe mandibular cortical erosion, suggesting a cut-off of <0.703 gr/cm2. Finally, predictor analysis of osteoporosis revealed that moderate and severe mandibular cortical erosion, compared with an uninjured mandibular cortical area, was independently associated with a diagnosis of osteoporosis. Conclusions: In conclusion, MCI was associated with BMD measurements assessed by QUS and DXA in various bone regions. Our results suggest that the Klemetti index could be used as a predictor of osteoporosis and fracture risk. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Bone Diseases in 2025)
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