Novel Diagnostic Approaches and Treatment of Angina and Myocardial Ischemia

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Diagnosis and Prognosis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2025 | Viewed by 194

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Invasive Cardiology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland
Interests: percutaneous coronary intervention; interventional cardiology; myocardial infarction; experimental cardiology; cardiac surgery
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor Assistant
Department of Invasive Cardiology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland
Interests: percutaneous coronary intervention; coronary artery disease; invasive cardiology; cardiology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

For years, angina and myocardial ischemia were primarily linked with obstructive coronary artery disease. Recent years have revealed evidence that up to 80% of patients experience angina and detectable demand ischemia, despite non-significant coronary artery narrowing. This has led to reconsideration of and focus on the critical role of coronary microcirculation dysfunction (CMD) in the pathophysiology of angina and ischemia with non-obstructive coronary arteries (ANOCA and INOCA). Moreover, despite advances in revascularization and pharmacological treatment, up to 24% of patients with chronic coronary syndrome may suffer from refractory angina.

The recently published 2024 ESC Guidelines for the management of chronic coronary syndromes underline the role of both non-invasive diagnostic approaches for suspected coronary artery disease and appropriate diagnosis of ANOCA and INOCA endotype, upgrading recommendations for invasive testing from class IIb and IIa to class I. Despite the emphasis on coronary microcirculation testing, the strongest evidence available to date comprises small randomized studies and observational reports. Even less data are available for non-invasive diagnostic methods, which include echocardiography, perfusion coronary computed tomography angiography, and cardiac magnetic resonance.

Lifestyle changes and risk factor modification are the cornerstones of chronic coronary syndrome treatment. In patients with CMD, pharmacological approach is either empirical or should be based on a specific endotype after invasive testing. Frequently used drugs include beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and other agents such as ranolazine or trimetazidine, used in monotherapy or combination. Novel invasive therapies for refractory angina include reducer devices for coronary sinus constriction.

The goal of the current issue is to explore epidemiology, novel diagnostic approaches, and particular groups and treatments of angina and myocardial ischemia, including ANOCA and INOCA. Through a collection of original research articles, reviews, and case reports and series, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of this emerging topic, investigate unmet needs, and uncover future directions in this rapidly evolving field.

Dr. Marcin Kozuch
Guest Editor

Dr. Emil Julian Dąbrowski
Guest Editor Assitant

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Keywords

  • ischemia
  • angina
  • chronic coronary syndromes
  • ANOCA
  • INOCA
  • CMD
  • CFR
  • microcirculation
  • scintigraphy
  • CMR

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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6 pages, 9206 KiB  
Interesting Images
“Single Coronary Artery” from Right Sinus—Uncommon Causes of Ischemia with Non-Obstructive Coronary Arteries
by Paweł Muszyński, Marlena Święcicka, Dominika Musiałowska, Dorota Pura, Małgorzata Kazberuk, Anna Kożuchowska-Eljasiewicz, Caroline Sasinowski, Urszula Bajda, Wiktoria Grądzka-Matys and Anna Tomaszuk-Kazberuk
Diagnostics 2025, 15(15), 1971; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15151971 - 6 Aug 2025
Abstract
Anomalies of coronary artery origins are rare but significant conditions that can range from benign to life-threatening. Early detection through imaging is crucial in preventing adverse outcomes. The treatment strategy varies depending on the type and severity of the anomaly, ranging from pharmacological [...] Read more.
Anomalies of coronary artery origins are rare but significant conditions that can range from benign to life-threatening. Early detection through imaging is crucial in preventing adverse outcomes. The treatment strategy varies depending on the type and severity of the anomaly, ranging from pharmacological treatment to surgery. A 22-year-old male patient, after syncope, after excluding other causes, had an exercise drill test, which was clinically negative and ECG-positive. Angio-CT revealed an undeveloped left main coronary artery (LMCA), and the circulation was supplied through the right coronary artery (RCA). The RCA provides the left anterior descending artery (LAD), and the LAD retrogradely supplies the left circumflex artery (LCX). The myocardial perfusion scintigraphy showed a slight lack of perfusion in the anterior wall (6% of total perfusion). The patient was qualified for further observation. A 77-year-old female underwent cardiac CT due to stenocardia. CT showed a lack of LMCA. The initial segment of the RCA gave rise to the left coronary artery (LCA), which encircled the aortic bulb posteriorly and bifurcated into branches resembling the LCX and LAD. After the Heart Team consultation, the patient was deemed eligible for conservative treatment. Angio-CT is a valuable tool for detecting coronary artery anomalies. Full article
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