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Diagnostics
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Advances in Plastic Surgery: Diagnosis, Management and Prognosis
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Advances in Plastic Surgery: Diagnosis, Management and Prognosis

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Diagnosis and Prognosis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2026) | Viewed by 4145

Editor

Dr. Konstantinos Seretis

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45100 Ioannina, Greece
Interests: melanoma; skin; plastic surgery
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to announce a new Special Issue in Diagnostics, titled "Advances in Plastic Surgery: Diagnosis, Treatment and Prognosis". This Special Issue focuses on the medical field of plastic surgery, which covers the treatment of injuries; the disease management of skin, muscles, and bones; and the correction of congenital or acquired tissue and organ defects and deformities.

The scope of the application of plastic surgery is extensive, encompassing not only craniofacial surgery, maxillofacial plastic surgery, facial and neck deformity correction, and cosmetic surgery but also hand surgery, limb and trunk plastic surgery, genitourinary plastic surgery, and rehabilitation treatment. Its core treatment method is autologous tissue transplantation, with the application of allografts, xenografts, or tissue substitutes also common in the repair of various tissue defects or deformities. With the rapid advancement of medical technology, plastic surgery’s surgical techniques continue to evolve (through the use of 3D printing and robotic surgery), greatly enhancing the precision, safety, and effectiveness of these surgeries. In this process, diagnosis and prognosis assessments play important roles. They are not only the prerequisites for formulating treatment plans but also important bases for evaluating surgical outcomes and predicting patients' future health conditions.

This Special Issue aims to present readers with the latest advancements in diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis within plastic surgery. Original articles and review papers are welcome.

Dr. Konstantinos Seretis
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-anonymized peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • plastic surgery
  • breast reconstruction
  • skin graft
  • diagnosis
  • prognosis
 

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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10 pages, 1029 KB  
Article
Resolution Comparison of a Standoff Gel Pad Versus a Liquid Gel Barrier for Nasal Bone Fracture Sonography: A Standardized Crossover Study
by Dong Gyu Kim and Kyung Ah Lee
Diagnostics 2026, 16(1), 92; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16010092 - 26 Dec 2025
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1001
Abstract
Background: High-frequency ultrasonography (US) is increasingly used to guide closed reduction in nasal bone fractures, but near-field resolution over the curved nasal dorsum depends critically on the acoustic coupling medium. We aimed to determine whether a semi-solid standoff gel pad (PAD) provides [...] Read more.
Background: High-frequency ultrasonography (US) is increasingly used to guide closed reduction in nasal bone fractures, but near-field resolution over the curved nasal dorsum depends critically on the acoustic coupling medium. We aimed to determine whether a semi-solid standoff gel pad (PAD) provides superior image contrast and signal stability compared with a liquid gel barrier (LGB) during intraoperative nasal bone fracture sonography. Methods: In this prospective, single-center, within-subject crossover study, 30 adults with isolated nasal bone fractures underwent intraoperative high-frequency US of the nasal dorsum under two coupling conditions differing only by the medium used: a 7 mm hydrogel standoff pad (PAD) and a custom-made 7 mm liquid gel barrier (LGB). All scans were acquired on the same platform using fixed B-mode presets (10 MHz, 4.0 cm depth, single focal zone at the cortex). Rectangular regions of interest (ROIs) were placed on the cortical interface (bone ROI) and adjacent soft tissue (soft-tissue ROI) at matched depth. For each subject and condition, contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and two signal-to-noise ratios (SNR_bone, SNR_soft) were derived from ROI gray-level statistics and compared using paired t-tests. Results: The PAD yielded a significantly higher CNR at the cortical interface compared to the LGB (3.46 ± 0.17 vs. 2.50 ± 0.19; mean paired difference 0.96, 95% CI 0.88–1.04; p < 0.0001). SNR_bone was also higher with PAD (4.31 ± 0.35 vs. 3.63 ± 0.34; difference 0.68, 95% CI 0.52–0.83; p < 0.0001). Using the soft-tissue ROI as the noise reference (SNR_soft), PAD again outperformed LGB (7.64 ± 0.73 vs. 6.68 ± 0.78; difference 0.96, 95% CI 0.59–1.33; p = 0.000012). Conclusions: Compared with a liquid gel barrier of similar thickness, a semi-solid standoff gel pad provides higher near-field CNR and SNR at the nasal cortical interface under standardized intraoperative conditions. These quantitative differences support the use of a gel pad as a practical coupling medium for real-time ultrasound guidance during closed reduction in nasal bone fractures, although the impact on clinical outcomes remains to be determined. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Plastic Surgery: Diagnosis, Management and Prognosis)
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15 pages, 2862 KB  
Article
Deep Learning-Based Prediction Model of Surgical Indication of Nasal Bone Fracture Using Waters’ View
by Dong Yun Lee, Soo A Lim and Su Rak Eo
Diagnostics 2025, 15(18), 2386; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15182386 - 19 Sep 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2165
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The nasal bone is critical to both the functional integrity and esthetic contour of the facial skeleton. Nasal bone fractures constitute the most prevalent facial fracture presentation in emergency departments. The identification of these fractures and the determination of immediate intervention requirements [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The nasal bone is critical to both the functional integrity and esthetic contour of the facial skeleton. Nasal bone fractures constitute the most prevalent facial fracture presentation in emergency departments. The identification of these fractures and the determination of immediate intervention requirements pose significant challenges for inexperienced residents, potentially leading to oversight. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on facial trauma patients undergoing cranial radiography (Waters’ view) during initial emergency department assessment between March 2008 and July 2022. This study incorporated 2099 radiographic images. Surgical indications comprised the displacement angle, interosseous gap size, soft tissue swelling thickness, and subcutaneous emphysema. A deep learning-based artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm was designed, trained, and validated for fracture detection on radiographic images. Model performance was quantified through accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. Hyperparameters included the batch size (20), epochs (70), 50-layer network architecture, Adam optimizer, and initial learning rate (0.001). Results: The deep learning AI model employing segmentation labeling demonstrated 97.68% accuracy, 82.2% precision, 88.9% recall, and an 85.4% F1 score in nasal bone fracture identification. These outcomes informed the development of a predictive algorithm for guiding conservative versus surgical management decisions. Conclusions: The proposed AI-driven algorithm and criteria exhibit high diagnostic accuracy and operational efficiency in both detecting nasal bone fractures and predicting surgical indications, establishing its utility as a clinical decision-support tool in emergency settings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Plastic Surgery: Diagnosis, Management and Prognosis)
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Other

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9 pages, 3573 KB  
Case Report
Giant Pleomorphic Adenoma of the Lacrimal Sac Initially Suspected to Represent a Sinonasal Malignancy 16 Years After Dacryocystorhinostomy
by Shintaro Mitamura, Shunichi Oide, Yuki Sasaki, Hiroshi Idogawa, Mizuho Mitamura, Hiromi Kanno-Okada, Masayuki Osawa and Taku Maeda
Diagnostics 2026, 16(13), 2027; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16132027 - 29 Jun 2026
Viewed by 150
Abstract
Background and Clinical Significance: Tumors of the lacrimal drainage system are rare but clinically important diagnostic pitfalls because they may mimic benign lacrimal drainage obstruction, chronic dacryocystitis, or sinonasal disease. Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) in this region is exceptionally rare, and delayed recognition [...] Read more.
Background and Clinical Significance: Tumors of the lacrimal drainage system are rare but clinically important diagnostic pitfalls because they may mimic benign lacrimal drainage obstruction, chronic dacryocystitis, or sinonasal disease. Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) in this region is exceptionally rare, and delayed recognition may allow progressive extension into adjacent structures. Case Presentation: A 51-year-old woman presented with left nasal obstruction 16 years after external dacryocystorhinostomy for presumed lacrimal drainage obstruction. Examination showed a firm left lacrimal sac mass, proptosis, mild ocular motility limitation, and an intranasal mass. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed a large lesion centered in the lacrimal sac region and extending into the nasolacrimal duct, nasal cavity, and maxillary sinus, with orbital displacement. Preoperative biopsy showed epithelial neoplastic tissue without definitive malignant features, but low-grade epithelial malignancy could not be excluded. Complete en bloc excision and medial/inferior orbital wall reconstruction with an autologous calvarial outer table bone graft were performed. The tumor measured 55 × 35 × 25 mm. Final histopathology confirmed PA without malignant transformation. At 2 years postoperatively, there was no recurrence, and proptosis and ocular motility limitation had improved. Conclusions: This case illustrates two diagnostic pitfalls: an underlying tumor may masquerade as lacrimal drainage obstruction, whereas a large benign PA may clinically and radiologically mimic malignancy. Long-standing or atypical unilateral lacrimal symptoms should prompt consideration of tumors and selected use of imaging and tissue diagnosis before lacrimal drainage surgery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Plastic Surgery: Diagnosis, Management and Prognosis)
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