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Diagnostics
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Pushing the Boundaries: Advancing Bladder Cancer Diagnosis Through the Integration...
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Pushing the Boundaries: Advancing Bladder Cancer Diagnosis Through the Integration of Detection and Precision Medicine

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 April 2025 | Viewed by 1335

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Vadanasundari Vedarethinam

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Multiplex Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
Interests: biomarker detection; functional biomaterials; drug delivery systems
Prof. Dr. Merce Jorda

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
Interests: genitourinary pathology; urinary bladder; kidney tumors

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Bladder cancer diagnosis has undergone substantial advancements through the integration of molecular detection and imaging methods. Imaging plays a pivotal role in visualizing and discerning abnormalities within the body, offering a non-invasive avenue for tumor detection, size assessment, precise localization, and the provision of comprehensive anatomical and functional insights into cancer. On the molecular front, innovative detection technologies have transformed bladder cancer diagnosis, enabling the identification of specific biomarkers associated with distinct types of the condition. Molecular detection methods facilitate early detection, tumor characterization, and treatment response monitoring, paving the way for personalized and targeted therapeutic strategies. The collaboration between imaging and molecular detection improves the accuracy of cancer diagnosis and deepens our understanding of the biological processes that propel cancer progression. This integrated approach holds significant promise in advancing patient outcomes through early detection, meticulous treatment planning, and the monitoring of therapeutic responses, ultimately progressing bladder cancer management and research.

Dr. Vadanasundari Vedarethinam
Prof. Dr. Merce Jorda
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • bladder cancer
  • blood analysis
  • biomarkers
  • benetic biomarkers
  • CT, MRI, PET, and SPECT
  • personalized medicine
  • prognostic diagnostics

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

14 pages, 1065 KiB  
Article
Interrelationships Among Sensitivity, Precision, Accuracy, Specificity and Predictive Values in Bioassays, Represented as Combined ROC Curves with Integrated Cutoff Distribution Curves and Novel Index Values
by Peter Oehr
Diagnostics 2025, 15(4), 410; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15040410 - 7 Feb 2025
Viewed by 919
Abstract
Background/Objectives: This work introduces accuracy- and precision-ROC curves in addition to SS– and PV–ROC curves and shows a novel means of profiling biomarker characteristics for validation of optimal cutoffs in clinical diagnostics and decision making. Methods: This investigation included 91 patients with a [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: This work introduces accuracy- and precision-ROC curves in addition to SS– and PV–ROC curves and shows a novel means of profiling biomarker characteristics for validation of optimal cutoffs in clinical diagnostics and decision making. Methods: This investigation included 91 patients with a confirmed bladder cancer diagnosis and 1152 patients without evidence of cancer. The study performed a quantitative investigation of used-up test cassettes from the visual UBC® Rapid qualitative point-of-care assay, which had already been applied in routine diagnostics. Using a photometric reader, quantitative data could also be obtained from the test line of the used cassettes. The ROC curves were constructed using different thresholds or cutoff levels to determine the TP/TN and FP/FN values for each threshold at concentrations of 5, 10, 30, 50, 90, 110, 250 and 300 µg/L. The resulting TP/TN and FP/FN values were used to calculate the sensitivity/specificity, accuracy, precision and predictive values in order to plot the ROC curves with integrated cutoff value distributions and their index cutoff diagrams. Results: A common, optimal cutoff value for all the diagnostic parameters was derived with the aid of an ROC index cutoff diagram. It includes higher specificity and an acceptable number of NPVs. As a result, use of a sensitivity–specificity ROC curve and the Youden index only permits the selection of a maximal threshold value or cutoff point for the biomarker of interest but disregards the clinical status of the patient, whereas the precision, accuracy and predictive values give information related to the disease. Conclusions: This work’s novelty compared to the existing methodology includes the first international publication of accuracy- and precision-ROC curves. It enables the investigation of the relationship among the sensitivity, specificity, precision, accuracy and predictive values at varied cutoff levels within a bioassay, presenting these in a single graph consisting of selected receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for each parameter, including cutoff distribution curves. This is a transparent method to identify appropriate cutoffs for multiple diagnostic parameters. According to the results, the single-sided use of a sensitivity–specificity ROC curve including the maximal Youden index value as an optimal cutoff or single-point determinations for predictive values cannot provide diagnostic information of the same quality as that given by a multi-parameter diagnostic profile and a multi-parameter cutoff-index-diagram-derived optimal value as presented within this work. The proposed multi-parameter cutoff-index diagram includes novel index cutoff AOX. It is a new different method that allows a quantitative comparison of the results from multi-parameter ROC curves, which cannot be performed with the AUC. However, the methods are different and do not exclude each other. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pushing the Boundaries: Advancing Bladder Cancer Diagnosis Through the Integration of Detection and Precision Medicine)
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