Advances and Challenges in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Rheumatic Diseases

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Diagnosis and Prognosis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 February 2026 | Viewed by 340

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
1. Medical Faculty, Medical University, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
2. Rheumatology Clinic, University Hospital ‘Kaspela’, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Interests: rheumatology

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Guest Editor Assistant
1. Medical Faculty, Medical University, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
2. Rheumatology Clinic, University Hospital ‘Kaspela’, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Interests: internal diseases; rheumatology

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor Assistant
1. Medical Faculty, Medical University, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
2. Rheumatology Clinic, University Hospital ‘Kaspela’, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Interests: rheumatology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is aimed at providing a comprehensive overview of the latest developments and persistent hurdles in rheumatologic care. It explores innovative diagnostic tools, such as advanced imaging techniques including musculoskeletal ultrasound, and biomarker discovery, alongside evolving treatment strategies, including biologics, targeted therapies, and personalized medicine. The research also addresses challenges like early disease detection, treatment resistance, and comorbidities in conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and osteoarthritis. Aimed at clinicians and researchers, this Issue bridges translational research and clinical practice, offering insights to optimize patient outcomes in rheumatology through the integration of emerging technologies like ultrasound in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

Prof. Dr. Anastas Batalov
Guest Editor

Dr. Mariela Geneva-Popova
Dr. Zgurov Batalov
Guest Editor Assistants

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Keywords

  • rheumatology 
  • rheumatic diseases 
  • musculoskeletal ultrasound 
  • clinical diagnostics 
  • biomarkers 
  • precision medicine

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

12 pages, 1668 KB  
Article
Hand Osteoarthritis in the Elderly: The Prevalence of Articular Cartilage Defects in Radiographically Normal and Affected Joints
by Reiji Nishimura, Tohru Hashimoto, Takeshi Fukuda, Tohru Yano, Kazuhiro Maeda, Masataka Okabe and Takeshi Miyawaki
Diagnostics 2025, 15(21), 2669; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15212669 - 22 Oct 2025
Viewed by 225
Abstract
Background: Hand osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent disease that significantly impairs quality of life among many patients. The direct evaluation of cartilage defects associated with OA in vivo is challenging, and indirect assessments using X-ray images are commonly employed. The aim [...] Read more.
Background: Hand osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent disease that significantly impairs quality of life among many patients. The direct evaluation of cartilage defects associated with OA in vivo is challenging, and indirect assessments using X-ray images are commonly employed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between X-ray images of finger joints and cartilage defects. Methods: This study included 42 hands from cadavers that were fixed with alcohol and formalin. After X-ray posteroanterior images of all the finger joints were taken, the extent of the cartilage defects was observed macroscopically. On X-ray images, OA was defined as a modified Kellgren–Lawrence scale score of 2 or higher. Histological examinations were performed on several joints with cartilage defects to confirm whether the macroscopic cartilage defects corresponded to the histological cartilage defects. Results: A total of 588 joints were evaluated. On X-ray images, OA was observed in 20.2% of the joints, and cartilage defects were present in 45.1%. Among joints with cartilage defects, the prevalence of joints without radiographic OA was 55.1%. On the other hand, 31.1% of joints without radiographic OA had cartilage defects. Cartilage defects were identified in all joints with radiographic OA. Conclusions: The use of X-ray images to evaluate OA is beneficial; however, when interpreting radiographic OA, it is important to note that early or partial OA may not be detectable. Additionally, when OA findings are present on X-ray images, cartilage defects are always present. Full article
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