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Diagnostics
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Diagnosis and Management in Otology and Neurotology
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Diagnosis and Management in Otology and Neurotology

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Diagnosis and Prognosis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2025 | Viewed by 3648

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Kathrine Jáuregui-Renaud

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Unidad de Investigación Médica en Otoneurología, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico
Interests: otology; neurotology; autonomic nervous system; vestibular function tests; vestibular diseases

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are excited to announce the launch of our special issue dedicated to “Diagnosis and Management in Otology and Neurotology.” This special issue aims to bring together leading experts and researchers in the field to share their insights, experiences, and latest findings in the diagnosis and management of ear and neuro-otological conditions.

In the realm of otology, we focus on common ear diseases such as otitis media, hearing loss, tinnitus, and explore their pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and treatment options. Additionally, we will focus on the prevention and rehabilitation of ear diseases, offering comprehensive health guidance to patients.

As for neurotology, we focus on neurological disorders related to hearing and balance, including Ménière’s disease, vestibular neuronitis, and more. We will delve into the diagnostic methods, treatment strategies, and latest research advancements in these conditions, assisting doctors in making more accurate assessments and devising personalized treatment plans for patients.

Furthermore, this special edition will also highlight the interdisciplinary collaboration and innovation in otology and neuro-otology. We hope to invite industry experts to discuss cross-research between otology, neuroscience, imaging technology, genetics, and other fields, aiming to drive continuous progress in the field.

Your contributions can cover a wide range of topics, including but not limited to:

Advances in diagnostic techniques and technologies for ear and neuro-otological conditions.

Innovative treatment strategies and their clinical outcomes for various ear diseases and neuro-otological disorders.

Interdisciplinary collaborations and their impact on improving diagnosis and management of ear and neuro-otological conditions.

Case studies and clinical experiences that highlight successful diagnosis and management approaches.

Challenges and future directions in otology and neuro-otology research and practice.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Kathrine Jáuregui-Renaud
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • otology
  • neurotology
  • ear diseases
  • hearing loss
  • otitis media
  • vestibular system

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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17 pages, 12912 KiB  
Article
Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging and Angiography of Skull Base Tumors Presenting as a Middle Ear Mass in Clinic
by Dorothy W. Pan, Marcela A. Morán, Wihan Kim, Zihan Yang, Brian E. Applegate and John S. Oghalai
Diagnostics 2025, 15(6), 732; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15060732 - 14 Mar 2025
Viewed by 519
Abstract
Background: Skull base tumors can extend into the temporal bone and occasionally even be visible through the tympanic membrane (TM) if they grow into the middle ear cavity. The differential diagnosis of a skull base mass is extensive and ranges from non-tumorous [...] Read more.
Background: Skull base tumors can extend into the temporal bone and occasionally even be visible through the tympanic membrane (TM) if they grow into the middle ear cavity. The differential diagnosis of a skull base mass is extensive and ranges from non-tumorous lesions like cholesteatoma to benign tumors like schwannoma and to malignant lesions like metastatic cancer. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive imaging technique that can image tissue with high resolution in three dimensions, including through structures such as the TM and bone. OCT angiography is also able to assess tissue vascularity. We hypothesized that OCT could help shrink the differential diagnosis in clinic on the day of initial presentation. Specifically, we thought that OCT angiography could help distinguish between highly vascular skull base tumors such as glomus jugulare and other less vascular tumors and middle ear pathologies such as cholesteatoma and schwannoma. Objectives: We sought to determine whether OCT can image through the TM in clinic to distinguish a normal ear from an ear with a mass behind the tympanic membrane. Furthermore, we sought to assess whether OCT angiography can detect vascularity in these masses to help inform the diagnosis. Methods: We designed and built a custom handheld OCT system that can be used like an otoscope in clinic. It is based off a 200 kHz swept-source laser with a center wavelength of 1310 nm and a bandwidth of 39 nm. It provides a 33.4 μm axial and 38 μm lateral resolution. Cross-sectional images of the middle ear space, including OCT angiography, were captured in an academic neurotology clinic. Patients with normal ear exams, glomus tumors, cholesteatomas, and facial nerve schwannoma were imaged. Results: OCT images revealed key structures within the middle ear space, including the TM, ossicles (malleus and incudostapedial joint), chorda tympani, and cochlear promontory. OCT also identified middle ear pathology (using pixel intensity ratio in the middle ear normalized to the TM) when compared with patients with normal ear exams (mean 0.082, n = 6), in all patients with a glomus tumor (mean 0.620, n = 6, p < 0.001), cholesteatoma (mean 0.153, n = 4, p < 0.01), and facial nerve schwannoma (0.573, n = 1). OCT angiography revealed significant vascularity within glomus tumors (mean 1.881, n = 3), but minimal vascularity was found in normal ears (mean 0.615, n = 3, p < 0.05) and ears with cholesteatoma (mean 0.709, n = 3, p < 0.01), as expected. Conclusions: OCT is able to image through the TM and detect middle ear masses. OCT angiography correctly assesses the vascularity within these masses. Thus, OCT permits the clinician to have additional point-of-care data that can help make the correct diagnosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Management in Otology and Neurotology)
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16 pages, 931 KiB  
Article
Determinants of Success in Revision Cochlear Implant Surgeries: A Comprehensive Evaluation of Patient, Surgical, and Radiological Factors
by Sarah Alshehri and Thikra Khalid Hamdi Alasmari
Diagnostics 2025, 15(2), 186; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15020186 - 14 Jan 2025
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: This study aims to evaluate factors influencing revision cochlear implant surgeries, including patient demographics, surgical techniques, and radiological findings. The main aim was to identify factors influencing surgical success to inform clinical treatment and enhance patient outcomes. Methods: This cross-sectional study included [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: This study aims to evaluate factors influencing revision cochlear implant surgeries, including patient demographics, surgical techniques, and radiological findings. The main aim was to identify factors influencing surgical success to inform clinical treatment and enhance patient outcomes. Methods: This cross-sectional study included adult patients over the age of 18 who underwent revision cochlear implant surgery due to implant-related complications. Data were collected from systematic chart reviews of electronic medical records, including demographics, surgical techniques, radiological output from standard high-resolution CT and MRI, and intraoperative data. The primary outcome was surgical success, defined by improved auditory function, stable device positioning, and absence of postoperative complications. Statistical analyses, including multivariate logistic regression, were conducted to identify independent predictors of surgical success. Results: A total of 188 patients were included, with a mean age of 45.67 years. Younger age, shorter duration of implant use, modified surgical techniques, and absence of co-morbidities are key factors contributing to surgical success. Modified surgical techniques were associated with better outcomes (39.29% vs. 68.75%, OR: 2.78, 95% CI: 1.25–6.14, p = 0.012). Radiological patterns significantly affected outcomes, with normal findings associated with higher success rates. In contrast, abnormalities such as electrode migration (OR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.12–4.09, p = 0.021) and ossification (r = −0.51, β = −0.44, adjusted R2 = 0.25, p < 0.01) were correlated with poorer results. Smoking status, when comparing smokers to non-smokers, was associated with unfavorable outcomes (20.00% vs. 45.83%, OR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.01–4.01, p = 0.048), and a history of previous surgeries (21.43% vs. 37.50%, OR: 1.95, 95% CI: 1.03–3.71, p = 0.033) was significantly associated with unfavorable outcomes. Conclusions: Statistically, significantly better outcomes are positively correlated with the duration of the first cochlear implant experience and negatively with prior otologic pathology and nonauditory environmental influences on surgical success. Younger age, modified surgical techniques, and normal radiological findings were related to better outcomes; complications such as electrode migration and ectopic ossification were strong predictive factors for surgical failure. These findings underscore the need for tailored surgical approaches and early intervention to enhance outcomes in revision cochlear implant surgeries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Management in Otology and Neurotology)
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3 pages, 3099 KiB  
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Unusual Foreign Body in the Middle Ear: Surgical Removal of a Live Ant Entering the Tympanic Cavity Through an Ear Drum Perforation
by Peter Kiss, Jakob Pock, Michael Habenbacher, Emanuel Maitz, Angelika Lang, Katharina Walla and Alexandros Andrianakis
Diagnostics 2024, 14(22), 2530; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14222530 - 12 Nov 2024
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Abstract
This case report details the unusual occurrence of a live ant invading the middle ear cavity through a pre-existing perforation in the tympanic membrane of a 42-year-old female patient. She presented to an outpatient clinic with symptoms of sudden-onset tinnitus (“ringing”) and a [...] Read more.
This case report details the unusual occurrence of a live ant invading the middle ear cavity through a pre-existing perforation in the tympanic membrane of a 42-year-old female patient. She presented to an outpatient clinic with symptoms of sudden-onset tinnitus (“ringing”) and a foreign body sensation in her left ear. Otomicroscopy revealed an oval-shaped perforation in the posterior part of the left tympanic membrane, through which a dark, moving foreign object was observed in the middle ear. The object was identified as a live ant. Initial attempts to remove the insect under local anesthesia were unsuccessful, necessitating the patient’s admission for surgery. Under general anesthesia, an endoscopic tympanotomy was performed, and the ant was successfully removed without complications. The patient recovered and was discharged the following day. At her follow-up appointment, she remained symptom-free. This case highlights the rare yet possible occurrence of live foreign bodies entering the middle ear through tympanic perforations and the need for timely surgical intervention to prevent complications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Management in Otology and Neurotology)
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