Atherosclerosis: From Subclinical Diagnosis to Interventional Treatment 2024

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Diagnosis and Prognosis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2025 | Viewed by 587

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Cardiology-Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, Iasi, Romania
Interests: atherosclerosis; cardiovascular diseases; thrombosis; cardiovascular prevention; coronary intervention; antithrombotic drugs; dyslipidemia
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Bucharest, Romania
Interests: atherosclerosis; cardiovascular diseases; echocardiography; vascular ultrasound; coronary syndromes; dyslipidemia
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Atherosclerosis is still the main factor in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Although major improvements have been made in recent decades in both detection and treatment, the incidence of atherosclerotic CVD remains high. Despite major and continuous research in this domain, there remains a great demand and potential for improving atherosclerosis diagnosis and finding the right treatment options.

Starting from early childhood with primordial CVD prevention and trying to find different markers for early diagnosis, detecting atherosclerosis from subclinical stages remains important for deciphering the puzzle of early CVDs. Multiple imagistic and biological parameters have been assessed and followed for prognostic value, but few have been confirmed.

In time, atherosclerosis reaches clinical manifestations. This is the stage when many patients realize the clinical burden of atherosclerosis, as primary prevention has failed. Modern medication has a major role in chronic and acute CVD events, starting with antiplatelet drugs, modern variants of lipid-lowering drugs, anticoagulants for specific cardiac comorbidities, and finally, heart-failure therapies. All these drug regimens can be further improved to offer maximal benefit.

Finally, interventional treatment in atherosclerosis has sustainably evolved to offer, along with medical treatment, the best prognosis for patients.

Although it is a broad domain, atherosclerosis, from early detection to treatment, has much to offer to the research community. We invite you to address some of the issues related to these threatening CVD events and share your research to support finding the best current solutions for improving the lives of our patients.

Dr. Ovidiu Mitu
Dr. Lucia Stefania Magda
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • atherosclerosis
  • diagnosis
  • markers
  • subclinical atherosclerosis
  • cardiovascular prevention
  • interventional treatment
  • coronary syndromes
  • antiplatelet
  • anticoagulant
  • lipid-lowering drugs

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

27 pages, 3177 KiB  
Article
Integrating the Interleukins in the Biomarker Panel for the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes: Unraveling a Multifaceted Conundrum
by Amalia-Stefana Timpau, Egidia-Gabriela Miftode, Irina-Iuliana Costache-Enache, Antoniu-Octavian Petris, Ionela-Larisa Miftode, Ivona Mitu and Radu-Stefan Miftode
Diagnostics 2025, 15(10), 1211; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15101211 - 11 May 2025
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Abstract
Background and Objectives: Despite the latest advancements in interventional procedures and pharmacological therapy, the incidence of heart failure and death rate following an acute myocardial remain unacceptably high. This study was designed in response to the limited and conflicting literature data regarding the [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Despite the latest advancements in interventional procedures and pharmacological therapy, the incidence of heart failure and death rate following an acute myocardial remain unacceptably high. This study was designed in response to the limited and conflicting literature data regarding the diagnostic and prognostic role of modern inflammatory biomarkers in patients with coronary artery disease. Materials and Methods: We conducted a case–control, prospective observational study. A total of 145 patients were analyzed, of whom 105 patients had an acute coronary syndrome diagnosis and represented the study group, while 40 patients with a chronic coronary syndrome diagnosis represented the control group. This study investigates the diagnostic and prognostic role of the interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10), Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), and classic biomarkers in patients with ischemic coronary heart disease. Results: IL-1β exhibited a prognostic role, being significantly correlated with a left ventricular ejection fraction below 30%. GDF-15 plays a dual role, as a cardio-inflammatory biomarker, being significantly correlated with both N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and IL-1β, IL-6, and CRP. At the same time, GDF-15 represents a surrogate marker for renal dysfunction. According to the ROC analysis, patients at high mortality risk can be identified with adequate accuracy by cardiac troponin, GDF-15, and IL-10, in addition to NT-proBNP. Logistic regression models confirmed NT-proBNP and IL-10 as mortality predictors. Conclusions: IL-1β stands out for its significant prognostic role, while IL-6 did not demonstrate a diagnostic or prognostic role in acute myocardial infarction patients. IL-10 demonstrated superior predictive value in terms of fatal prognosis compared with the other modern biomarkers. GDF-15 is representative of a multivalent biomarker involved in inflammation, heart failure, and renal dysfunction. Full article
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