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Diagnostics
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Diagnosis and Management of Dental Medicine and Surgery
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Diagnosis and Management of Dental Medicine and Surgery

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2025 | Viewed by 4686

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. José María Martinez-Gonzalez

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Clinical Dental Specialities, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Interests: implant titanium surface; bone graft; bone substitutes; biomedical applications; bone regeneration; ceramic implants; titanium implants; biomechanical behaviour of dental implants
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are preparing a Special Issue, concernign the “Diagnosis and treatment of Dental Medicine and Surgery” for Diagnosis (Q-2 in JCR). It would be our honor if you decide to colaborate by sending us a scientific paper from your investigation group regarding this topic.

This Special Issue will include a great variety of scientific papers related to diagnoses and treatments in dental medicine and surgery, as well as various levels of investigation such as basic sciences and clinical studies.

Furthermore, studies evaluating diagnostic procedures (including clinical diagnosis, laboratory, or by image) will be included in this Special Issue. In this Special Issue, we can include current ways of diagnosis, but also future methods, such as artificial intelligence.

In addition, in attending to different age groups, we know there is a great variety of pharmacological and surgical treatments, which we consider important enough to be known by scientific community.

Prof. Dr. José María Martinez-Gonzalez
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • oral surgery
  • oral medicine
  • implant dentistry
  • gerodontology
  • pharmacological treatments
  • bone regeneration
  • oral rehabilitation

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 2847 KiB  
Article
Optimal Wavelengths for Multispectral Short Wavelength Infrared Transillumination and Reflectance Imaging for Caries Detection
by Daniel Fried and Yihua Zhu
Diagnostics 2025, 15(8), 1034; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15081034 - 18 Apr 2025
Viewed by 244
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The aim of this in vitro study was to determine the optimal combinations of wavelengths for short wavelength infrared (SWIR) multispectral transillumination and reflectance imaging of caries lesions on proximal and occlusal surfaces. Methods: The contrasts of (n = 76) caries [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The aim of this in vitro study was to determine the optimal combinations of wavelengths for short wavelength infrared (SWIR) multispectral transillumination and reflectance imaging of caries lesions on proximal and occlusal surfaces. Methods: The contrasts of (n = 76) caries lesions on the occlusal and proximal surfaces of extracted teeth were measured at 1050, 1300, and 1550 nm for occlusal transillumination and 1058, 1300, 1450, and 1675 nm for occlusal reflectance. All teeth were also imaged using radiography and microcomputed tomography (μCT) to verify lesion presence. A custom-fabricated handheld imaging probe suitable for clinical use and for the simultaneous acquisition of SWIR occlusal transillumination and reflectance (SWIR-OTR) images was used. Three high-power superluminescent diode lasers were used for transillumination, and a fiber-optic switch was used to switch between the transillumination wavelengths. Optical bandpass filters coupled with a tungsten halogen lamp were used for reflectance. All images were acquired at the same position and with the same field of view for comparison. Results: The highest contrasts in reflection were at 1450 and 1675 nm for occlusal and interproximal lesions, and the highest contrasts for transillumination were at 1050 and 1300 nm. Conclusions: This study suggests that the best wavelengths for SWIR-OTR are between 1000 and 1300 nm for transillumination and greater than 1400 nm for reflectance. Wavelengths beyond 1400 nm are advantageous for reflectance and yield significantly higher contrast. Wavelengths beyond 1300 nm are not promising for occlusal transillumination since internal water absorption leads to contrast inversion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Management of Dental Medicine and Surgery)
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16 pages, 1308 KiB  
Article
Fractal Dimension Analysis of Mandibular Trabecular Bone in Patients Receiving Antiresorptive Therapy for Osteoporosis and Oncologic Conditions
by Mehmet Altay Sevimay, Müjde Gürsu, Muhammed Abdullah Çege, Dilek Aynur Çankal, Zühre Akarslan and Sedat Çetiner
Diagnostics 2025, 15(6), 748; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15060748 - 17 Mar 2025
Viewed by 561
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to assess the effects of antiresorptive drugs on mandibular trabecular bone structure in patients with osteoporosis and those receiving antiresorptive therapy for oncologic conditions using fractal dimension (FD) analysis of panoramic radiographs. Additionally, it investigated the influences of [...] Read more.
Objectives: This study aimed to assess the effects of antiresorptive drugs on mandibular trabecular bone structure in patients with osteoporosis and those receiving antiresorptive therapy for oncologic conditions using fractal dimension (FD) analysis of panoramic radiographs. Additionally, it investigated the influences of age, gender, drug type, administration route, and treatment duration on mandibular trabecular bone structure. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included 73 patients categorized into the following three groups: 23 osteoporosis patients, 25 oncologic patients, and 25 systemically healthy controls. FD analysis was conducted on panoramic radiographs to assess trabecular bone complexity in the following three standardized regions of interest: the mandibular condyle, angle, and molar region. Statistical analyses compared the groups and evaluated the associations between FD values and demographic and clinical parameters. Results: Osteoporosis patients exhibited significantly lower FD values in the molar region than controls (p < 0.05). In oncologic patients, the FD values in the condyle region were significantly higher in those receiving denosumab than in those treated with intravenous zoledronic acid (p < 0.05), and in those who had undergone antiresorptive therapy for ≥6 years than in those treated for 1–5 years (p < 0.05). A significant negative correlation was found between age and the FD values of the mandibular angle in osteoporosis patients (p < 0.05); no such association was observed in oncologic patients or controls. Conclusions: Long-term antiresorptive therapy may induce structural alterations in mandibular trabecular bone structure in patients with osteoporosis and oncologic diseases. FD analysis is a non-invasive and objective tool for clinically assessing such drug-induced skeletal changes. However, further large-scale, prospective studies are necessary to confirm these findings and shed light on their clinical significance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Management of Dental Medicine and Surgery)
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14 pages, 1347 KiB  
Article
Effect of Abutment Material on aMMP-8 Levels in Peri-Implant Sulcular Fluid over 12 Months: A Randomized Controlled Trial
by Behrouz Arefnia, Kerstin Theisen, Elisabeth Steyer, Martin Lorenzoni, Armin Sokolowski, Ceeneena Ubaidha Maheen, Taina Tervahartiala, Timo Sorsa and Alwin Sokolowski
Diagnostics 2025, 15(3), 264; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15030264 - 23 Jan 2025
Viewed by 682
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The long-term success of dental implants can be influenced by the material properties of abutments and their interaction with peri-implant tissues. This study investigates the impact of three abutment materials—titanium (Ti), zirconium oxide (Zr), and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)—on the inflammatory response in peri-implant [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The long-term success of dental implants can be influenced by the material properties of abutments and their interaction with peri-implant tissues. This study investigates the impact of three abutment materials—titanium (Ti), zirconium oxide (Zr), and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)—on the inflammatory response in peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF), using active-matrix metalloproteinase-8 (aMMP-8) as a biomarker. Methods: In this prospective, randomized clinical trial, 30 patients were assigned to Ti, Zr, or PMMA abutment groups. PISF samples were collected at predefined intervals over 12 months and analyzed for aMMP-8 levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Clinical parameters (probing depth, bleeding on probing, and plaque index) and radiographic assessments of bone resorption were also evaluated. Results: Two weeks after implant uncovering, baseline aMMP-8 levels varied significantly among materials, with Zr demonstrating the highest levels. Over time (2, 3, 6 and 12 months after implant uncovering), aMMP-8 levels decreased across all groups, with no significant differences observed at 12 months. Radiographic assessments indicated no statistically significant differences in bone resorption, with clinical parameters remaining comparable across all groups. Conclusions: Initial inflammatory responses to abutment materials may vary; however, all tested materials—Ti, Zr, and PMMA—showed long-term biocompatibility and supported healthy peri-implant tissue integration. These findings indicate that selecting any of the tested abutment materials does not significantly affect long-term peri-implant health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Management of Dental Medicine and Surgery)
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17 pages, 1214 KiB  
Article
Assessment of Periodontitis Risk Factors in Endodontically Treated Teeth: A Cross-Sectional Study
by Mihaela Sălceanu, Cristina Dascălu, Anca Melian, Cristian Giuroiu, Cristina Antohi, Corina Concita, Tudor Hamburda, Claudiu Topoliceanu and Maria-Alexandra Mârţu
Diagnostics 2024, 14(17), 1972; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14171972 - 6 Sep 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1616
Abstract
The aim of the study was to collect data about the prevalence and risk factors of apical periodontitis in a population of endodontically treated patients. The study group included 151 patients (52 males, 99 females; mean age 48.36 ± 15.708 yrs.) with 391 [...] Read more.
The aim of the study was to collect data about the prevalence and risk factors of apical periodontitis in a population of endodontically treated patients. The study group included 151 patients (52 males, 99 females; mean age 48.36 ± 15.708 yrs.) with 391 endodontically treated teeth (mean follow-up of 5.25 ± 1.759 yrs.). According to the initial tooth diagnosis, root-filled teeth were divided into Group A, root-filled teeth treated for pulpitis or for the purpose of prosthetic pulpectomies (vital pulp group), and Group B, root-filled teeth with non-vital pulp (necrotic pulp). Clinical and radiographic evaluation of the root and its periapical area were performed to establish the success/failure of endodontic therapy, the quality of the root canal fillings (length, density, taper), and coronal restoration. The presence of recurrent caries, periodontal pathology, or endo-periodontal lesions were also recorded. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the risk factors for apical periodontitis and calculate their odds ratios (ORs). For the root-filled vital pulp tooth group, the highest risks for apical periodontitis are associated with inadequate homogeneity (OR 30.938), periodontitis (OR 9.226), and over-filling (OR 8.800). For the root-filled non-vital pulp tooth group, the highest risks are associated with periodontitis (OR 4.235) and age over 60 yrs. (OR 4.875). For the necrotic pulp tooth group, multivariate analysis identified an age > 60 yrs., filled molars, intracanal posts, poor coronal restoration quality, under-filling, and periodontitis as significant combined risk factors. Inadequate root canal filling and periodontitis in both groups were risk factors associated with most cases of apical periodontitis. Other risk factors include age > 60 yrs., poor coronal restoration quality, and the presence of intracanal posts in root-filled teeth with necrotic pulp. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Management of Dental Medicine and Surgery)
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12 pages, 4855 KiB  
Case Report
Calcium Antagonist-Induced Gingival Overgrowth: A Case Report and Literature Review
by Stefano Speroni, Marco Giuffrè, Tommaso Tura, Qamar Ammar Salman Al Jawaheri, Luca Antonelli, Luca Coccoluto, Giulia Bortune, Francesco Sarnelli and Silvio Abati
Diagnostics 2025, 15(3), 320; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15030320 - 30 Jan 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1110
Abstract
Background: Drug-induced gingival enlargement is a commonly documented adverse effect in patients administered with calcium antagonist medications. Nifedipine is the medicine most frequently linked to instances of gingival enlargement; nevertheless, amlodipine, likewise a calcium antagonist, can elicit this adverse effect. This case [...] Read more.
Background: Drug-induced gingival enlargement is a commonly documented adverse effect in patients administered with calcium antagonist medications. Nifedipine is the medicine most frequently linked to instances of gingival enlargement; nevertheless, amlodipine, likewise a calcium antagonist, can elicit this adverse effect. This case report aims to detail a case of amlodipine-induced gingival hyperplasia, emphasizing the significance of a multidisciplinary approach and outlining its therapy across various surgical phases. Methods: A 48-year-old hypertensive patient using amlodipine therapy presents with aberrant gingival tissue growth in the upper arch. Intraoral examination reveals localized inflammation and tissue enlargement in the papillae areas of the upper arch gingiva, leading to partial covering of the dental crowns. The patient experienced painful sensations and episodes of spontaneous bleeding in the enlarged gingival tissue. Following an initial professional dental hygiene treatment, which included root planning in the upper quadrants, and in consultation with the referring cardiologist, it was determined to discontinue amlodipine and initiate a replacement therapy with olmesartan medoxomil. Fifteen days following the cessation of amlodipine, surgical excision of the thickened interdental gingival tissues in the anterior region was conducted to obtain biopsies for histological confirmation of the observed pathological condition. Results: Histopathological examination validated the diagnosis of drug-induced gingival enlargement, characterized by chorion fibrosis and significant lymphoplasmacytic infiltration. Specifically, parakeratotic and acanthotic characteristics were seen in the gingival epithelium. Adjacent to the inflammatory regions, fibrosis was noted, along with the presence of cytoid bodies, which are typically linked to pathological diseases driven by inflammatory processes. These histological characteristics were consistent with the diagnosis of drug-induced gingival enlargement. Conclusions: A multidisciplinary approach involving the treating physician, dentist, and hygienist, incorporating drug replacement and targeted oral hygiene sessions, is crucial for the management and resolution of calcium channel blocker-induced gingival enlargement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Management of Dental Medicine and Surgery)
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