Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis of Liver Cirrhosis

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2024) | Viewed by 2892

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
1. Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
2. Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark
Interests: clinical physiology; nuclear medicine; cirrhosis; portal hypertension; liver function; cirrhotic cardiomyopathy; cardiac function; heart failure; bioactive substances; kinetics
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Worldwide, chronic liver disease has become a major health concern, and it is responsible for an escalating number of deaths most often related to liver cirrhosis. Two-thirds of all liver-related deaths occur in men, and deaths are largely attributable to the complications of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The most common causes are related to alcohol and viral hepatitis, while the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as a cause of cirrhosis has proliferated tremendously within recent decades and is now the most frequent grounds for liver transplantation in the US. The majority of patients with cirrhosis die from complications such as bleeding from esophageal varices, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, cardiopulmonary complications, and infections. In this Special Issue of Diagnostics, leading authors will review contemporary diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic aspects of complications of cirrhosis.

Prof. Dr. Søren Møller
Guest Editor

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 1117 KiB  
Article
Survival of Patients with Alcohol-Related Liver Disease Cirrhosis—Usefulness of the New Liver Mortality Inpatients Prognostic Score
by Vera Matovic Zaric, Ivana Pantic, Sofija Lugonja, Tijana Glisic, Snezana Konjikusic, Iva Lolic, Nevena Baljosevic, Sanja Zgradic, Jasna El Mezeni, Marko Vojnovic, Marija Brankovic and Tamara Milovanovic
Diagnostics 2024, 14(22), 2508; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14222508 - 9 Nov 2024
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: Alcohol can directly damage the liver, causing steatosis, steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular cancer. The aim of this study was to examine 28-day survival in hospitalized patients with alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) cirrhosis, as well as to develop and validate a new survival [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Alcohol can directly damage the liver, causing steatosis, steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular cancer. The aim of this study was to examine 28-day survival in hospitalized patients with alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) cirrhosis, as well as to develop and validate a new survival prediction model. Methods: A total of 145 patients with ALD cirrhosis were included; 107 were diagnosed with acute decompensation (AD) and 38 with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). The new liver mortality inpatients (LIV-IN) score was calculated using the following variables: hepatic encephalopathy (HE), hepatorenal syndrome (HRS), ascites, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), community-acquired infection (CAI), and fibrinogen. The diagnostic accuracy of the LIV-IN score was tested, along with the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD), model for end-stage liver disease-sodium (MELD-Na), albumin-bilirubin (ALBI), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), chronic liver failure consortium-C acute decompensation (CLIF-C AD), and chronic liver failure consortium-acute-on-chronic liver failure (CLIF-C ACLF). Results: Lethal outcome occurred in 46 (31.7%) patients. The mortality rate was higher in the ACLF group (n = 22, 57.9%) compared to the AD group (n = 24, 22.4%) (p < 0.01). The highest predictive power for short-term mortality was observed for the LIV-IN score (AUC 73.4%, p < 0.01). In patients with AD, the diagnostic accuracy of the CLIF-C AD score was better than for the LIV-IN score (AUC 0.699; p = 0.004, AUC 0.686; p = 0.007, respectively). In patients with ACLF, only the LIV-IN score had statistically significant discriminative power in predicting 28-day survival. Conclusions: The liver mortality inpatients prognostic score is a new, reliable prognostic model in predicting 28-day mortality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis of Liver Cirrhosis)
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Review

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21 pages, 726 KiB  
Review
Quantitative Assessment of Body Composition in Cirrhosis
by Christian Skou Eriksen and Søren Møller
Diagnostics 2024, 14(19), 2191; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14192191 - 30 Sep 2024
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Abstract
Changes in body composition often accompany the progression of liver disease and seem to be an aggravating pathophysiological factor. Specifically, accelerated loss of skeletal muscle mass, lower muscle quality, and changes in body fat distribution have been shown to be associated with poor [...] Read more.
Changes in body composition often accompany the progression of liver disease and seem to be an aggravating pathophysiological factor. Specifically, accelerated loss of skeletal muscle mass, lower muscle quality, and changes in body fat distribution have been shown to be associated with poor clinical outcomes. The aim of the present narrative review was to discuss the current status and relevance of commonly applied, advanced, non-invasive methods to quantify skeletal muscle mass, muscle fat infiltration—i.e., myosteatosis—and fat distribution. This review focuses in particular on Computed Tomography (CT), Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA), Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and Ultrasonography (US). We propose future directions to enhance the diagnostic and prognostic relevance of using these methods for quantitative body composition assessment in patients with cirrhosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis of Liver Cirrhosis)
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