Rising Stars: Oral Infections and Microbes

A special issue of Dentistry Journal (ISSN 2304-6767). This special issue belongs to the section "Oral Hygiene, Periodontology and Peri-implant Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (2 December 2024) | Viewed by 10882

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Medical, Oral and Biottechnological Sciences, University of G. d’Annunzio Chieti and Pescara, Chieti, Italy
Interests: oral surgery; periodontology; oral pathology; microbiome; dental implantology; MRONJ
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, interest in the oral microbiome and infection has undergone a tremendous evolution, mostly due to the development and diffusion of the NGS analysis of plaque and saliva samples.

Moreover, recent studies have demonstrated that new diagnostic perspectives are obtainable through the analysis of salivary samples.

At the same time, procedures that are involved in oral microbiota modulation have been investigated and proposed as methods to address oral diseases.

Furthermore, the pandemic period gave a tremendous impetus to the research of probiotics, toothpastes, and oral rinses that have the specific aim of preventing oral disease and promoting oral health.

The aim of this Special Issue is to evaluate what we know about these aspects of oral care and how these could be used to control cross-infections and modulate systemic inflammation.

Prof. Dr. Marco Dolci
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • systemic inflammation
  • oral microbiota
  • oral rinses
  • oral microbiota modulation
  • salivary test
  • oral pathology

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 1948 KiB  
Article
Clinical Outcomes After Dental Surgery with Two Antiseptic Protocols
by Silvia D’Agostino
Dent. J. 2024, 12(12), 389; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12120389 - 28 Nov 2024
Viewed by 580
Abstract
Background: Little has been written in the literature about the clinical comparison between the single use of chlorhexidine (CHX) and its combination with cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC). The purpose of this study is to compare the clinical effectiveness of two at-home antiseptic regimens. Methods [...] Read more.
Background: Little has been written in the literature about the clinical comparison between the single use of chlorhexidine (CHX) and its combination with cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC). The purpose of this study is to compare the clinical effectiveness of two at-home antiseptic regimens. Methods: Healthy subjects scheduled for dental surgery were enrolled. After the surgery, patients were randomly allocated to the first group (group A), which received a manual ultrasoft toothbrush (Mentadent Professional®), an antiseptic toothpaste with 0.12% CHX and Vitamin B3 (Mentadent Professional Azione Intensiva Gengive®), and an antiseptic mouthwash with 0.12% CHX and 0.07% CPC. The second group (group B) solely received an antiseptic mouthwash with 0.2% CHX in conjunction with an anti-discoloration system (Curasept ADS/DNA®) and were encouraged to use their usual toothbrush and toothpaste. Patients were instructed to use the products twice a day and to rinse for 30 s. On day 7, patients were examined for the early healing score (EHS), visual plaque index (VPI) of the sutures, numerical rating scale (NRS), and mouthwash taste. Results: Group A showed a statistically significant level of EHS and taste satisfaction. VPI and NRS were different but not significant among the studied groups. Conclusions: The regimen based on CHX used in conjunction with vitamin B3 in the toothpaste and CPC in the mouthwash resulted in superior clinical outcomes and satisfaction compared to CHX alone. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rising Stars: Oral Infections and Microbes)
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15 pages, 2316 KiB  
Article
A Novel Device for the Evaluation of In Vitro Bacterial Colonization in Membranes for Guided Tissue and Bone Regeneration
by Ana Clara Kuerten Gil, Eugenio A. D. Merino, Diogo Pontes Costa, César Nunes Giracca, Ricardo Mazzon, Gabriel Leonardo Magrin, Josiane de Almeida and Cesar Augusto Magalhães Benfatti
Dent. J. 2024, 12(7), 202; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12070202 - 29 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1112
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate, in vitro, the efficiency of a novel apparatus to test the adherence and penetration of bacteria on different membranes for guided regeneration. Methodology: To create the 3D device, Computer Aided Design/Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems were used. Three types of [...] Read more.
Purpose: To evaluate, in vitro, the efficiency of a novel apparatus to test the adherence and penetration of bacteria on different membranes for guided regeneration. Methodology: To create the 3D device, Computer Aided Design/Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems were used. Three types of biomaterials were tested (n = 6): (DT) a collagen membrane; (DS) a polymer membrane; and (LP) a dense polytetrafluoroethylene barrier. The biomaterials were adapted to the apparatuses and challenged with two different monospecies bacterial culture of A. actinomycetemcomitans b and S. mutans. After 2 h, bacterial adherence and penetration were quantified by counting the number of colony-forming units (CFUs). Two specimens from each group were used for image analysis using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy. Statistical analysis was performed. Findings: The DS group had a higher adherence of S. mutans compared to A. actinomycetemcomitans b (p = 0.05). There was less adherence of A. actinomycetemcomitans b in the DS group, compared to the LP (p = 0.011) and DT (p < 0.001) groups. Only the membranes allowed penetration, which was blocked by barriers. The DT group allowed a greater penetration of S. mutans to occur compared to A. actinomycetemcomitans b (p = 0.009), which showed a higher penetration into the DS membranes compared to S. mutans (p = 0.016). The penetration of A. actinomycetemcomitans b through DS was higher compared to its penetration through DT and LP (p < 0.01 for both). DT and DS allowed a greater penetration of S. mutans to occur compared to LP, which prevented both bacterial species from penetrating. Conclusion: The apparatus allowed for the settlement and complete sealing of the biomaterials, enabling standardization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rising Stars: Oral Infections and Microbes)
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13 pages, 584 KiB  
Article
Clinical Use of Paraprobiotics for Pregnant Women with Periodontitis: Randomized Clinical Trial
by Andrea Butera, Maurizio Pascadopoli, Maria Gloria Nardi, Chiara Ogliari, Alessandro Chiesa, Camilla Preda, Giulia Perego and Andrea Scribante
Dent. J. 2024, 12(4), 116; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12040116 - 19 Apr 2024
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 1800
Abstract
Periodontal disease is very common in pregnant women. Paraprobiotics are a subset of probiotics. They can be defined as inactivated microbial cells providing health benefits to the host and are considered particularly safe. The aim of this study was to compare the periodontal [...] Read more.
Periodontal disease is very common in pregnant women. Paraprobiotics are a subset of probiotics. They can be defined as inactivated microbial cells providing health benefits to the host and are considered particularly safe. The aim of this study was to compare the periodontal health of pregnant women and puerperae after 6 months of home use of paraprobiotics. A total of 30 pregnant women were enrolled and divided into two groups: the test group, who had to use a paraprobiotic-based toothpaste (Biorepair Peribioma Pro, Coswell S.p.A., Funo di Argelato, BO, Italy) and mousse (Mousse Mouthwash Biorepair Peribioma, Coswell S.p.A.) twice a day, and the control group, who had to use only the paraprobiotic-based toothpaste. The time frames of the study were: 1 month (T1), 3 months (T2) and 6 months (T3), and data were collected during pregnancy and in the period immediately following delivery. The following indices were evaluated at T0, T1, T2 and T3: clinical attachment loss (CAL), probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque control record (PCR), modified marginal gingival index (mMGI), papillary marginal gingival index (PMGI) and recessions (R). All data were subjected to statistical analysis. PCR decreased significantly from T0 to T1 in the control group and from T0 to T2 and from T0 to T3 in the test group. BOP tended to decrease in both groups, but a significant reduction was observed only in the test group. CAL, PPD, PMGI and mMGI tended to decrease gradually in both groups without significant differences between or within groups. The combination of the paraprobiotic-based toothpaste and the paraprobiotic-based mousse significantly reduced BoP and plaque control over time, although there were no significant differences with the use of the paraprobiotic-based toothpaste alone. In addition, the combination of the two products promoted a trend towards the better stabilization of recessions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rising Stars: Oral Infections and Microbes)
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Review

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15 pages, 708 KiB  
Review
Towards Wiser Prescribing of Antibiotics in Dental Practice: What Pharmacists Want Dentists to Know
by Abrar K. Thabit, Nourah M. Aljereb, Omnia M. Khojah, Hanan Shanab and Arwa Badahdah
Dent. J. 2024, 12(11), 345; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12110345 - 29 Oct 2024
Viewed by 878
Abstract
Antibiotics have various indications for treatment and prophylaxis in dental practice. While only a handful of antibiotics are typically prescribed in dentistry, unlike in medicine, clear indications and appropriate dosing and duration remain controversial among antibiotic-prescribing dentists, which may result in inappropriate or [...] Read more.
Antibiotics have various indications for treatment and prophylaxis in dental practice. While only a handful of antibiotics are typically prescribed in dentistry, unlike in medicine, clear indications and appropriate dosing and duration remain controversial among antibiotic-prescribing dentists, which may result in inappropriate or excessive antibiotic prescriptions. This practice can increase the risk of antibiotic resistance and expose patients to unnecessary side effects. Moreover, the concept of antibiotic stewardship in dental practice remains in its early stages. This review was developed by pharmacists (general and infectious disease pharmacists) in collaboration with a periodontist and a maxillofacial surgeon to provide an antibiotic prescription guide for dentists who frequently prescribe antibiotics. It also sheds light on antibiotic stewardship. The review discusses in detail antibiotic indications for treatment and prophylaxis in dental practice and provides tables that can be used by dentists in their everyday practice. It also discusses the concept of antibiotic stewardship and provides recommendations that can be applied to the practice of antibiotic prescribing in dentistry. Antibiotic prescribing in dental practice should be limited to cases with documented infections or when indicated for prophylaxis. Every dentist can act as an antibiotic steward by prescribing antibiotics wisely and only when necessary, using their discernment to identify appropriate cases and exclude those that do not meet infection criteria. Collaboration with pharmacists is encouraged to provide such recommendations and implement antibiotic stewardship interventions, such as developing antibiotic prescription protocols. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rising Stars: Oral Infections and Microbes)
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16 pages, 318 KiB  
Review
Oral Mycobiota: A Narrative Review
by Carmen Liliana Defta, Cristina-Crenguţa Albu, Ştefan-Dimitrie Albu and Claudia Florina Bogdan-Andreescu
Dent. J. 2024, 12(4), 115; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12040115 - 19 Apr 2024
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2060
Abstract
Numerous studies have proven the important role of the oral microbiota in health and disease. The dysfunctionality of the oral microbiota, known as dysbiosis, is incriminated in dental caries, periodontal disease, oral infectious diseases, oral cancer, and systemic disease. The lesser-known component of [...] Read more.
Numerous studies have proven the important role of the oral microbiota in health and disease. The dysfunctionality of the oral microbiota, known as dysbiosis, is incriminated in dental caries, periodontal disease, oral infectious diseases, oral cancer, and systemic disease. The lesser-known component of the oral microbiota, the mycobiota, is now assiduously investigated. Recent technological developments have helped foster the identification of new fungal species based on genomic research. Next-generation sequencing has expanded our knowledge about the diversity, architecture, and relationships of oral microorganisms within the oral cavity. The mycobiome structure and relationships with the bacteriome have been studied to identify a mycobiotic signature. This review aimed to emphasize the latest knowledge of the oral mycobiome. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rising Stars: Oral Infections and Microbes)

Other

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12 pages, 644 KiB  
Systematic Review
Effect of Probiotics Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus plantarum on Caries and Periodontal Diseases: A Systematic Review
by Silvia D’Agostino, Giulia Valentini, Francesca Iarussi and Marco Dolci
Dent. J. 2024, 12(4), 102; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12040102 - 10 Apr 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3676
Abstract
Caries and periodontitis are the most prevalent oral diseases worldwide. Major factors contributing to the development of these oral conditions include poor oral hygiene, dental biofilm formation, high carbohydrates diet, smoking, other systemic diseases, and genetic factors. Various preventive measures have been established [...] Read more.
Caries and periodontitis are the most prevalent oral diseases worldwide. Major factors contributing to the development of these oral conditions include poor oral hygiene, dental biofilm formation, high carbohydrates diet, smoking, other systemic diseases, and genetic factors. Various preventive measures have been established to mitigate the risk of caries and periodontal disease development. The present review aims to discuss the role of the probiotics Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus plantarum in the prevention and treatment of caries and periodontal diseases. The study was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines and was registered on PROSPERO. The search involved PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus and considered the PICO format. Studies were screened by two reviewers independently, and disagreements were solved by consensus with a third reviewer. Data extraction included details about the type of probiotics, strains, and purpose of administration. A total of 15 RCTs were included, of which just 1 was about tooth cavities. Overall, 87% of the included studies were good-quality papers regarding the Jadad Scale. Several studies agreed on the potential of probiotics L. rhamnosus and L. plantarum, both alone and combined, to prevent and improve clinical outcomes in caries and periodontal treatments, weaker evidence is provided for the microbiological benefit. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rising Stars: Oral Infections and Microbes)
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