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Advanced High Entropy Alloy Materials and Films: Properties and Applications
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Advanced High Entropy Alloy Materials and Films: Properties and Applications

A special issue of Coatings (ISSN 2079-6412). This special issue belongs to the section "Corrosion, Wear and Erosion".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 October 2025 | Viewed by 4311

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Sayan Sarkar

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Materials Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT-84112, USA
Interests: high-entropy alloys; electrochemistry; dirac materials; semiconductors
Dr. Bitan Chakraborty

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor Assistant
Intel Corporation, RA campus, Hillsboro, OR-97124, USA
Interests: thin films; materials characterization; electrochemistry; neural interfaces

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the era of technological progress, demand has been increasing for the development of innovative high-entropy alloys (HEAs) that offer exceptional corrosion resistance in harsh environments at elevated temperatures. Unlike traditional alloys where a single major alloying element dictates their properties (e.g., Ni in Ni-based superalloys, Al in aluminium alloys, or Fe in steel), HEAs consist of numerous principal elements, resulting in an enhanced mixing entropy and the creation of highly stable solid solutions.

This high-entropy effect and the formation of a single-phase structure enable HEAs (high-entropy alloys) to exhibit outstanding mechanical properties, including an exceptional fracture toughness, high strength, impressive fatigue resistance, and excellent creep resistance. Furthermore, HEAs are advantageous for high-temperature applications due to their ability to impede phase transformation through slow diffusion kinetics, a feature not commonly found in conventional alloys. Additionally, the lattice structures of HEAs exhibit significant distortions caused by the atomic misfit among the principal elements, which effectively inhibit dislocation movement and therefore prevent deformation at elevated temperatures.

This combination of high phase stability; remarkable mechanical properties such as high strength, hardness, wear resistance, and creep resistance; and low thermal conductivity positions HEAs as promising candidates for engineering materials designed to resist corrosion in elevated-temperature applications. This Research Topic seeks to gather significant advancements in the aforementioned fields, as well as to provide directions for future research on the novel methods of HEA fabrication and on applications in advanced engineering and corrosion.

We welcome and encourage Original Research articles, Extensive Reviews, Mini-reviews, and Viewpoints.

Areas of interest include but are not limited to the following:

  • Novel methods of manufacturing and advanced characterization of HEAs;
  • First-principles-based calculations based on HEAs;
  • Application in high-temperature engineering and corrosion-resistant materials;
  • Challenges in the field of HEAs;
  • New research directions in the field and application of high-entropy alloys.

Dr. Sayan Sarkar
Guest Editor

Dr. Bitan Chakraborty
Guest Editor Assistant

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Coatings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • high-entropy alloys corrosion applications
  • automotive and engineering applications
  • characterization
  • additive manufacturing
  • density functional theory
  • CALPHAD

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 6738 KiB  
Article
Development of Zn-Reinforced Mg Matrix Composites via High Energy Ball Milling Duration: Impact on Mechanical Properties and Biodegradability
by S. Bilal Çetinkal, Emin Salur, Gökhan Arıcı, Ahmed Degnah, Sayan Sarkar and Halit Sübütay
Coatings 2025, 15(5), 561; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15050561 - 8 May 2025
Viewed by 355
Abstract
In this study, Zn-reinforced Mg matrix composite materials were produced via powder metallurgy by exposing them to ball milling at varying mechanical milling times. Following ball milling, the powders were cold-pressed under 600 MPa to obtain green compacts. The sintering process was carried [...] Read more.
In this study, Zn-reinforced Mg matrix composite materials were produced via powder metallurgy by exposing them to ball milling at varying mechanical milling times. Following ball milling, the powders were cold-pressed under 600 MPa to obtain green compacts. The sintering process was carried out in a tube furnace under an argon atmosphere at 500 °C for 120 min. The effects of different milling times (2 h, 4 h, and 8 h) on particle and grain size, as well as the influence of sintering temperature and time on the microstructure, were investigated through SEM analysis. Phase evolution and changes in crystal planes occurring after ball milling were revealed by XRD analysis. SEM images show that Zn particles were homogeneously distributed within the matrix after 8 h of milling. Furthermore, it can be clearly stated that the highest hardness values were obtained from the samples produced after 8 h of milling. The sample group with the highest density, least mass loss, and lowest degradation rate was obtained from materials produced from 4 h ball milled powders. The intermetallic phase formed in the powder structure after 8 h of milling tends to reduce density and corrosion properties. The findings reveal that the addition of these alloys to pure Mg clearly enhances its hardness and density, while also imparting superior corrosion resistance. These combined improvements suggest that the developed materials hold strong potential for application in biomedical and clinical environments, where both mechanical strength and corrosion resistance are critical. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced High Entropy Alloy Materials and Films: Properties and Applications)
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29 pages, 19650 KiB  
Article
A Comparative Study on Corrosion and Tribocorrosion Behaviors of NiCoCrAlY High-Entropy Alloy Coatings and M50 Steel
by Qunfeng Zeng, Jiahe Wang, Wei Liu and Naiming Lin
Coatings 2025, 15(1), 26; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15010026 - 1 Jan 2025
Viewed by 933
Abstract
High-entropy alloy (HEA) coatings have attracted wide scientific attention in academic research and industrial innovation. In the present paper, the NiCoCrAlY HEA coatings are successfully synthesized on the surface of M50 steel to improve the corrosion resistance and tribocorrosion resistance of M50 steel [...] Read more.
High-entropy alloy (HEA) coatings have attracted wide scientific attention in academic research and industrial innovation. In the present paper, the NiCoCrAlY HEA coatings are successfully synthesized on the surface of M50 steel to improve the corrosion resistance and tribocorrosion resistance of M50 steel in salt-contaminated lubricating oil. The corrosion and tribocorrosion behaviors of M50 steel and NiCoCrAlY coatings are studied systemically under the same conditions. The experimental results show that NiCoCrAlY coatings have good, densified microstructures and improve effectively the corrosion resistance and tribocorrosion resistance of M50 steel because the protective passivation films and oxide films are formed on the surface of NiCoCrAlY coatings. NiCoCrAlY coatings have high corrosion potential, a low corrosion current density, and a corrosion rate that is comparable with M50 steel. The corrosion potential of M50 steel decreases and the corrosion current density increases with the increase in load due to wear-induced corrosion. The corrosion and tribocorrosion mechanisms of M50 steel and coatings are discussed in light of the experimental results. The wear mechanism of M50 steel is abrasive wear. It is accompanied by corrosion wear for M50 steel and oxidative wear for NiCoCrAlY coatings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced High Entropy Alloy Materials and Films: Properties and Applications)
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15 pages, 6814 KiB  
Article
Effect of Y Addition on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of CoCrFeNi HEA Coatings by Laser Cladding
by Xinyu Shu, Yu Su, Jun Li, Huaqing Fu, Soo Wohn Lee and Jianguo Tang
Coatings 2024, 14(12), 1561; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14121561 - 13 Dec 2024
Viewed by 783
Abstract
In this study, CoCrFeNiYx (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) high entropy alloy (HEA) coatings were produced on Ti6Al4V by laser cladding. The influence of Y on the microstructure and mechanical properties of CoCrFeNi HEA coatings was systematically examined. The analysis uncovered [...] Read more.
In this study, CoCrFeNiYx (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) high entropy alloy (HEA) coatings were produced on Ti6Al4V by laser cladding. The influence of Y on the microstructure and mechanical properties of CoCrFeNi HEA coatings was systematically examined. The analysis uncovered that the coatings primarily consist of three principal phases: α(Ti), Ti2Ni, and TiC. The incorporation of Y led to enhanced lattice distortion, which positively influenced solid solution strengthening. Moreover, grain refinement resulted in a denser microstructure, significantly reducing internal defects and thereby enhancing the coating’s performance. The average microhardness of the CoCrFeNiY0.2 coating was 702.46 HV0.2. The wear rates were 1.16 × 10−3 mm3·N−1·m−1 in air and 3.14 × 10−3 mm3·N−1·m−1 in a neutral solution, which were 27.0% and 30.8% lower than those of the CoCrFeNi coatings, respectively, indicating superior wear resistance. The Y content in the CoCrFeNiY0.3 coating was excessively high, resulting in the formation of Y-rich clusters. The accumulation of these impurities at the grain boundaries led to crack and pore formation, thereby reducing the wear resistance of the coating. Our study demonstrated that laser cladding an optimal amount of Y-doped CoCrFeNi HEA coatings on the Ti6Al4V substrate significantly enhanced the microstructure and mechanical properties of the substrate, particularly its wear resistance in both air and neutral environments, thereby improving the durability and reliability of titanium alloys in practical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced High Entropy Alloy Materials and Films: Properties and Applications)
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17 pages, 11119 KiB  
Article
Effect of Temperature, Vacuum Condition and Surface Roughness on Oxygen Boost Diffusion of Ti–6Al–4V Alloy
by Yujie Xu, Yong Jiang, Jinyang Xie, Qingchen Xu, Hao Fei, Yilan Lu and Jianming Gong
Coatings 2024, 14(3), 314; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14030314 - 5 Mar 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1542
Abstract
Oxygen boost diffusion (OBD) is an effective technology for improving the surface hardness of titanium and its alloys. In this present paper, the effect of temperature, vacuum condition and surface roughness on oxygen boost diffusion of Ti–6Al–4V alloy are studied. Test results show [...] Read more.
Oxygen boost diffusion (OBD) is an effective technology for improving the surface hardness of titanium and its alloys. In this present paper, the effect of temperature, vacuum condition and surface roughness on oxygen boost diffusion of Ti–6Al–4V alloy are studied. Test results show that OBD processing can be achieved at a low temperature and over long times, as well as at a high temperature and over short times. By comparing processing efficiency and mechanical properties, high temperatures and short times are preferred for OBD treatment. The influence of vacuum conditions on oxygen vacuum diffusion is significant. Under low vacuum degree conditions, relatively high oxygen content not only corrodes the OBD layer but also leads to spalling of the outmost surface of the OBD layer and the remaining oxide layer. High surface roughness can induce cracking not only in the oxide layer during the oxidation process but also in the outmost surface of the OBD layer during the vacuum diffusion process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced High Entropy Alloy Materials and Films: Properties and Applications)
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