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Effect of Heat Treatment on Structural and Mechanical Properties of...
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Effect of Heat Treatment on Structural and Mechanical Properties of Metallic Materials/Coatings

A special issue of Coatings (ISSN 2079-6412). This special issue belongs to the section "Surface Characterization, Deposition and Modification".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 June 2026 | Viewed by 2912

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Xiaoyong Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China
Interests: microstructure and properties control, welding, corrosion and protection of petroleum engineering materials
Dr. Keren Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China
Interests: the solidification and processing of TiAl- and Al-based alloys; microstructure modification research based on phase transformation in materials; control of microstructure and performance of new materials; material structure prediction based on first-principle calculation
Dr. Ning Dang

E-Mail
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Equipment, CNPC Tubular Goods Research Institute, Xi'an 710077, China
Interests: laser peening; electrical pulse surface technology; damage analysis of light weight components

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The research and development of new metallic materials and their coatings is one of the key factors promoting scientific and technological progress and industrial development. The latest progress, application fields, challenges faced, and research on key technologies in the development of new metallic materials offer essential insights for the future development of this field.

Heat treatment, as an important processing technology for metallic materials, has a significant impact on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the materials. A deep understanding of the influence mechanism of heat treatment on the properties of metallic materials is of great significance for optimizing material properties and improving product quality.

This scope of this Special Issue will serve as a forum for papers in the following concepts:

(1) Component design of high-performance metallic materials and coatings.

(2) The influence of heat treatment on the structure of metal materials.

  • The mechanisms of microstructure evolution in new materials;
  • The alteration behavior of the chemical composition on the surface of materials;

(3) The influence of heat treatment on the properties of metallic materials.

  • The influence on tensile and compressive properties;
  • The influence on wear resistance;
  • The influence on the forming performance of metal materials;
  • The influence on fatigue life;
  • The influence on corrosion resistance;
  • The influence on hydrogen embrittlement resistance

(4) The plastic deformation behavior of high-performance metallic materials and corresponding simulations.

Prof. Dr. Xiaoyong Zhang
Dr. Keren Zhang
Dr. Ning Dang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Coatings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • high-performance metallic materials
  • high-performance metallic coatings
  • microstructure evolution mechanisms
  • heat treatment
  • mechanical properties

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 8349 KB  
Article
Interfacial Gradient Optimization and Friction-Wear Response of Three Architectures of Ni-Based Cold Metal Transfer Overlays on L415QS Pipeline Steel
by Bowen Li, Min Zhang, Mi Zhou, Keren Zhang and Xiaoyong Zhang
Coatings 2025, 15(12), 1492; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15121492 - 18 Dec 2025
Viewed by 120
Abstract
Pipeline steels under cyclic loading in corrosive environments are prone to wear and corrosion–wear synergy. Low-dilution, high-reliability Ni-based Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) overlays are therefore required to ensure structural integrity. In this work, three overlay architectures were deposited on L415QS pipeline steel: a [...] Read more.
Pipeline steels under cyclic loading in corrosive environments are prone to wear and corrosion–wear synergy. Low-dilution, high-reliability Ni-based Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) overlays are therefore required to ensure structural integrity. In this work, three overlay architectures were deposited on L415QS pipeline steel: a single-layer ERNiFeCr-1 coating, a double-layer ERNiFeCr-1/ERNiFeCr-1 coating, and an ERNiCrMo-3 interlayer plus ERNiFeCr-1 working layer. The microstructure, interfacial composition gradients, and dry sliding wear behavior were systematically characterized to clarify the role of interlayer design. The single-layer ERNiFeCr-1 coating shows a graded transition from epitaxial columnar grains to cellular/dendritic and fine equiaxed grains, with smooth Fe dilution, Ni–Cr enrichment, and a high fraction of high-angle grain boundaries, resulting in sound metallurgical bonding and good crack resistance. The double-layer ERNiFeCr-1 coating contains coarse, strongly textured columnar grains and pronounced interdendritic segregation in the upper layer, which promotes adhesive fatigue and brittle spalling and degrades wear resistance and friction stability. The ERNiCrMo-3 interlayer introduces continuous Fe-decreasing and Ni-Cr/Mo-increasing gradients, refines grains, suppresses continuous brittle phases, and generates dispersed second phases that assist crack deflection and load redistribution. Under dry sliding, the tribological performance ranks as follows: interlayer + overlay > single-layer > double-layer. The ERNiCrMo-3 interlayer system maintains the lowest and most stable friction coefficient due to the formation of a dense tribo-oxidative glaze layer. These results demonstrate an effective hierarchical alloy-process design strategy for optimizing Ni-based CMT overlays on pipeline steels. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effect of Heat Treatment on Structural and Mechanical Properties of Metallic Materials/Coatings)
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11 pages, 3561 KB  
Article
Effect of Graphene on Interfacial Microstructure and Thermal Conductivity in Copper/Aluminum Composite Plate
by Yifan Liu, Zhaoyang Yang, Yusha Shen, Rui Wang and Lianbo Wang
Coatings 2025, 15(12), 1468; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15121468 - 11 Dec 2025
Viewed by 335
Abstract
This study prepared Copper(Cu)/Aluminum(Al) composite materials using hot-rolling technology. The influence of annealing treatment on the interfacial microstructure was systematically investigated, thereby elucidating the correlation between microstructural characteristics and thermal conductivity. The results demonstrated that annealing treatment induced the formation of a continuous [...] Read more.
This study prepared Copper(Cu)/Aluminum(Al) composite materials using hot-rolling technology. The influence of annealing treatment on the interfacial microstructure was systematically investigated, thereby elucidating the correlation between microstructural characteristics and thermal conductivity. The results demonstrated that annealing treatment induced the formation of a continuous intermetallic compound layer at the Cu/Al interface, with its thickness increasing proportionally to elevated temperature and prolonged duration. After spraying graphene onto the aluminum surface via ultrasonic spraying technology, followed by rolling and an annealing treatment, the intermetallic compounds at the Cu/Al interface exhibited a discontinuous distribution pattern. When annealed at 300 °C, the thermal conductivity of the Cu/Al composite plate increased progressively with prolonged duration. For instance, in the absence of graphene, the value increased from 39.288 to 61.827; when graphene was applied via ultrasonic spraying with a spraying distance of 1 mm, the value increased from 49.884 to 73.203, whereas at 400 °C annealing, it exhibited a notable decline as annealing time extended. Graphene at the interface inhibits the diffusion of Cu/Al atoms, reduces the formation of intermetallic compounds, establishes efficient thermal conduction paths, and ultimately enhances the thermal conductivity of the composite material. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effect of Heat Treatment on Structural and Mechanical Properties of Metallic Materials/Coatings)
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11 pages, 3739 KB  
Article
Study on the Effect of SmFeN Content on the Wave-Absorbing Properties of SmFeN/YSZ Composite Thermal Barrier Coatings Prepared by Plasma Spraying
by Tianni Lu, Hongning Zhang, Wenshu Zhang, Bo Liu, Zhenwei Huang, Na Li, Bing Yang, Anguo Wang and Chunzhong Liu
Coatings 2025, 15(3), 282; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15030282 - 27 Feb 2025
Viewed by 1029
Abstract
In this study, SmFeN/YSZ thermal barrier coating (TBC) composites with SmFeN mass fractions of 25 wt.%, 30 wt.%, and 50 wt.% were synthesized using plasma spraying technology. Testing methods, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the coaxial method, were comprehensively [...] Read more.
In this study, SmFeN/YSZ thermal barrier coating (TBC) composites with SmFeN mass fractions of 25 wt.%, 30 wt.%, and 50 wt.% were synthesized using plasma spraying technology. Testing methods, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the coaxial method, were comprehensively employed to systematically and thoroughly investigate the influence of SmFeN content on the microstructure, electromagnetic wave absorption performance, and the underlying mechanism of the composites. The research results show that during the plasma spraying process, a significant phase transformation occurred in the SmFeN/YSZ mixed powder, where the original Sm2Fe12N2.9 phase transformed into Fe4N and Sm3Fe5O12 phases. However, this phase transformation did not have an adverse effect on the electromagnetic wave absorption performance of the coating. On the contrary, further research revealed that the newly formed Fe4N phase plays a decisive role in the electromagnetic wave absorption performance of the coating. When the SmFeN mass fraction was 30%, the proportion of Fe4N in the coating reached its peak. At this time, the impedance matching characteristics of the coating were significantly optimized, and the dipole orientation polarization rate was significantly increased. This enhanced the dielectric relaxation loss capacity of the coating and broadened the electromagnetic wave absorption frequency band. Specifically, the coating exhibited a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −52.371 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) as high as 2.1588 GHz, covering a frequency range from 11.0739 GHz to 13.2327 GHz. This result indicates that there is great application potential in preparing electromagnetic wave absorption coatings using SmFeN/YSZ mixed powder. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effect of Heat Treatment on Structural and Mechanical Properties of Metallic Materials/Coatings)
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14 pages, 15546 KB  
Article
Tuning Dielectric Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Powders with B4C and TiC via Ti4+ Electron Binding Energy Optimization
by Wenshu Zhang, Hui Chang, Ning Dang and Lian Zhou
Coatings 2025, 15(3), 262; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15030262 - 22 Feb 2025
Viewed by 929
Abstract
In this study, Ti-6Al-4V (TC4) powder was uniformly mixed with B4C and TiC, respectively. Subsequently, the dielectric properties of the B4C/TC4 and TiC/TC4 composite powders were measured. Meanwhile, XPS analysis was used to deeply analyze different atoms in these [...] Read more.
In this study, Ti-6Al-4V (TC4) powder was uniformly mixed with B4C and TiC, respectively. Subsequently, the dielectric properties of the B4C/TC4 and TiC/TC4 composite powders were measured. Meanwhile, XPS analysis was used to deeply analyze different atoms in these samples to obtain the electron binding energy data of each atom. The experimental results show that even when there is no phase structure transformation between B4C, TiC, and TC4, the dielectric coefficient of the composite powder and the electron binding energy values of various elements still exhibit significant changes. When the mass ratio of B4C or TiC to TC4 reaches 1:30, the dielectric constant of the composite powder is significantly increased from 5 (the original TC4) to about 11 and 15, respectively. At the same time, the electron binding energy of the Ti element in TC4 also reaches the maximum value. In addition, due to the difference in electronegativity between B4C and TiC, during the process of compounding with TC4, the incorporation contents and the occurrence frequencies of abnormal dispersion phenomena are different. Specifically, when the ratio of B4C to TC4 is 1:30, abnormal dispersion occurs at a frequency of 9.5 GHz; however, when the ratio of TiC to TC4 is 1:20, the composite coating shows an abnormal dispersion phenomenon at 8.5 GHz. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effect of Heat Treatment on Structural and Mechanical Properties of Metallic Materials/Coatings)
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