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Advances and Challenges in Organ Decellularization and Recellularization
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Advances and Challenges in Organ Decellularization and Recellularization

A special issue of Current Issues in Molecular Biology (ISSN 1467-3045). This special issue belongs to the section "Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 January 2025) | Viewed by 2645

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Aylin Acun

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Widener University, Chester, PA 19013, USA
Interests: tissue engineering; disease modeling; aging; iPSCs; interorgan communication; tissue/organ decellularization and recellularization

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Transplantation is the only curative treatment option for patients with end-stage organ failure, improving their long-term survival. However, alternative treatment options are needed due to disadvantages such as organ scarcity. In recent years, whole organ decellularization and recellularization techniques have attracted increasing attention.

Decellularization is the process by which cells are expelled from tissues or organs, and through decellularization, these organs can be used as scaffolds for the development of new functional organs. For recellularization, these biological scaffolds are subsequently repopulated with patient-sourced specific cells, resulting in the construction of a functional new organ that eliminates the risk of immune rejection.

Currently, decellularization and recellularization techniques have made substantial progress in the field of organ bioengineering. However, there is still room for progress in a range of issues such as decellularized scaffold selection, successful endothelialization, and the overall functional maturity of engineered tissues and organs. In this Special Issue, we focus on the actual state of organ decellularization and recellularization, as well as problems and future challenges.

We invite experts to share their valuable insights, new data, or comprehensive systematic evaluations in this emerging and critical field.

Dr. Aylin Acun
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Current Issues in Molecular Biology is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • organ engineering
  • decellularization
  • recellularization
  • endothelialization
  • extracellular matrix
  • regenerative medicine

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 8028 KiB  
Article
A New Method for Preparation of Decellularized Human Scaffolds for Facial Reconstruction
by Elise Lupon, Aylin Acun, Alec R. Andrews, Ruben Oganesyan, Hyshem H. Lancia, Laurent Lantieri, Mark A. Randolph, Curtis L. Cetrulo, Jr., Alexandre G. Lellouch and Basak E. Uygun
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2025, 47(4), 275; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb47040275 - 14 Apr 2025
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Abstract
Vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) has emerged as a robust alternative for addressing anatomically complex defects but requires a toxic lifelong immunosuppressive regimen. Tissue engineering offers the promise of creating recipient-specific alternative grafts using a decellularization and recellularization approach. In this article, we establish [...] Read more.
Vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) has emerged as a robust alternative for addressing anatomically complex defects but requires a toxic lifelong immunosuppressive regimen. Tissue engineering offers the promise of creating recipient-specific alternative grafts using a decellularization and recellularization approach. In this article, we establish a reliable protocol for human face decellularization by immersion as a new tool in the development of engineered graft alternatives for reconstructive surgery. Three cadaveric face grafts were immersed in 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate for 216 h followed by 1% Triton X-100 for 48 h, without perfusion through the pedicle. We determined that decellularization was successfully accomplished for three facial specimens as confirmed by histological evaluation and quantification of DNA content. The extracellular components including collagen, glycosaminoglycans, elastin, and matrix-bound growth factors were preserved. Vascular architecture did not show significant differences between native and decellularized grafts as imaged by X-ray angiography. The mechanical strength of the grafts was not altered after decellularization. We also showed that the decellularized grafts were biocompatible in vitro and in vivo allowing cell engraftment. As a result, we have successfully developed a protocol to yield a clinical size decellularized graft suitable for generating a recellularized, potentially non-immunogenic graft for facial reconstruction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Challenges in Organ Decellularization and Recellularization)
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16 pages, 6398 KiB  
Article
Comparative Analysis of Decellularization Methods for the Production of Decellularized Umbilical Cord Matrix
by Yang Li, Yang Zhang and Guifeng Zhang
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2024, 46(7), 7686-7701; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb46070455 - 19 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1871
Abstract
The importance of decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) as a natural biomaterial in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine is rapidly growing. The core objective of the decellularization process is to eliminate cellular components while maximizing the preservation of the ECM’s primary structure and components. [...] Read more.
The importance of decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) as a natural biomaterial in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine is rapidly growing. The core objective of the decellularization process is to eliminate cellular components while maximizing the preservation of the ECM’s primary structure and components. Establishing a rapid, effective, and minimally destructive decellularization technique is essential for obtaining high-quality dECM to construct regenerative organs. This study focused on human umbilical cord tissue, designing different reagent combinations for decellularization protocols while maintaining a consistent processing time. The impact of these protocols on the decellularization efficiency of human umbilical cord tissue was evaluated. The results suggested that the composite decellularization strategy utilizing trypsin/EDTA + Triton X-100 + sodium deoxycholate was the optimal approach in this study for preparing decellularized human umbilical cord dECM. After 5 h of decellularization treatment, most cellular components were eliminated, confirmed through dsDNA quantitative detection, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, and DAPI staining. Meanwhile, Masson staining, periodic acid-silver methenamine (PASM) staining, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining, and immunofluorescent tissue section staining results revealed that the decellularized scaffold retained extracellular matrix components, including collagen and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Compared to native umbilical cord tissue, electron microscopy results demonstrated that the microstructure of the extracellular matrix was well preserved after decellularization. Furthermore, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) findings indicated that the decellularization process successfully retained the main functional group structures of extracellular matrix (ECM) components. The quantitative analysis of collagen, elastin, and GAG content validated the advantages of this decellularization process in preserving and purifying ECM components. Additionally, it was confirmed that this decellularized matrix exhibited no cytotoxicity in vitro. This study achieved short-term decellularization preparation for umbilical cord tissue through a combined decellularization strategy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Challenges in Organ Decellularization and Recellularization)
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