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Mesenchymal-Stem-Cell-Based Therapeutic Strategies via Extracellular Vesicles
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Mesenchymal-Stem-Cell-Based Therapeutic Strategies via Extracellular Vesicles

A special issue of Current Issues in Molecular Biology (ISSN 1467-3045). This special issue belongs to the section "Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2024 | Viewed by 2913

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Yasunari Matsuzaka

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
Interests: extracellular vesicles; vaccine; cancer; mRNA; microRNAs; immune responses; T cells; dendritic cells; major histocompatibility complex (MHC); deep learning; virus
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have garnered significant attention for their therapeutic potential, which appears to be largely mediated through their paracrine activity and the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs). MSC-derived EVs have emerged as promising therapeutic agents in their own right, exhibiting a range of beneficial effects in various disease models. Many searches result highlight the significant therapeutic potential of MSC-derived extracellular vesicles and the various strategies being explored to enhance their clinical utility for the treatment of a wide range of diseases and injuries.

Dr. Yasunari Matsuzaka
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • mesenchymal stem cells
  • exosomes
  • signaling pathways
  • extracellular vesicles
  • treatment

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

35 pages, 4052 KiB  
Review
Therapeutic Application and Structural Features of Adeno-Associated Virus Vector
by Yasunari Matsuzaka and Ryu Yashiro
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2024, 46(8), 8464-8498; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb46080499 - 2 Aug 2024
Viewed by 700
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is characterized by non-pathogenicity, long-term infection, and broad tropism and is actively developed as a vector virus for gene therapy products. AAV is classified into more than 100 serotypes based on differences in the amino acid sequence of the capsid [...] Read more.
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is characterized by non-pathogenicity, long-term infection, and broad tropism and is actively developed as a vector virus for gene therapy products. AAV is classified into more than 100 serotypes based on differences in the amino acid sequence of the capsid protein. Endocytosis involves the uptake of viral particles by AAV and accessory receptors during AAV infection. After entry into the cell, they are transported to the nucleus through the nuclear pore complex. AAVs mainly use proteoglycans as receptors to enter cells, but the types of sugar chains in proteoglycans that have binding ability are different. Therefore, it is necessary to properly evaluate the primary structure of receptor proteins, such as amino acid sequences and post-translational modifications, including glycosylation, and the higher-order structure of proteins, such as the folding of the entire capsid structure and the three-dimensional (3D) structure of functional domains, to ensure the efficacy and safety of biopharmaceuticals. To further enhance safety, it is necessary to further improve the efficiency of gene transfer into target cells, reduce the amount of vector administered, and prevent infection of non-target cells. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mesenchymal-Stem-Cell-Based Therapeutic Strategies via Extracellular Vesicles)
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30 pages, 2549 KiB  
Review
Ontogeny of Skin Stem Cells and Molecular Underpinnings
by Iasonas Dermitzakis, Despoina Dimitria Kampitsi, Maria Eleni Manthou, Paschalis Evangelidis, Efstratios Vakirlis, Soultana Meditskou and Paschalis Theotokis
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2024, 46(8), 8118-8147; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb46080481 - 28 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1934
Abstract
Skin stem cells (SCs) play a pivotal role in supporting tissue homeostasis. Several types of SCs are responsible for maintaining and regenerating skin tissue. These include bulge SCs and others residing in the interfollicular epidermis, infundibulum, isthmus, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands. The [...] Read more.
Skin stem cells (SCs) play a pivotal role in supporting tissue homeostasis. Several types of SCs are responsible for maintaining and regenerating skin tissue. These include bulge SCs and others residing in the interfollicular epidermis, infundibulum, isthmus, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands. The emergence of skin SCs commences during embryogenesis, where multipotent SCs arise from various precursor populations. These early events set the foundation for the diverse pool of SCs that will reside in the adult skin, ready to respond to tissue repair and regeneration demands. A network of molecular cues regulates skin SC behavior, balancing quiescence, self-renewal, and differentiation. The disruption of this delicate equilibrium can lead to SC exhaustion, impaired wound healing, and pathological conditions such as skin cancer. The present review explores the intricate mechanisms governing the development, activation, and differentiation of skin SCs, shedding light on the molecular signaling pathways that drive their fate decisions and skin homeostasis. Unraveling the complexities of these molecular drivers not only enhances our fundamental knowledge of skin biology but also holds promise for developing novel strategies to modulate skin SC fate for regenerative medicine applications, ultimately benefiting patients with skin disorders and injuries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mesenchymal-Stem-Cell-Based Therapeutic Strategies via Extracellular Vesicles)
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