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Children
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Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Challenges and Advances
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Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Challenges and Advances

A special issue of Children (ISSN 2227-9067). This special issue belongs to the section "Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 April 2025) | Viewed by 3741

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Vineet Bhandari

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Regional Hospital at Cooper/Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
Interests: bronchopulmonary dysplasia; non-invasive ventilation; lung development; lung injury; neonatal sepsis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common chronic lung disease in infants. This condition occurs in preterm neonates with immature lungs due to genetic-environmental interactions. The environmental factors that contribute to the etiopathogenesis of BPD include exposure of the immature lung to sepsis (can be antenatal, i.e., chorioamnionitis, or postnatal, which can be locally in the lung or systemic), hyperoxia, and invasive ventilation, among other factors (e.g., for fluid and nutritional factors). There are several challenges to the diagnosis of BPD. In addition, understanding the pathogenesis, pathology, clinical dilemmas, management strategies, complications, and pulmonary and neurodevelopmental outcomes are still being investigated and optimized. We invite clinical/translational original research manuscripts as well as review articles addressing the specific areas about BPD, as noted above. Manuscripts discussing the controversies in the diagnostic criteria, utility of biomarkers, therapeutic approaches (e.g., for ventilation – both invasive and non-invasive strategies, drug therapies), complications (e.g. for BPD-associated pulmonary hypertension), and long-term issues post-NICU discharge are a few of the areas that will be considered appropriate for this Special Issue. Authors are encouraged to contact me directly (bhandari-vineet@cooperhealth.edu) if they wish to discuss the specific area their article would focus on, prior to submission.

Prof. Vineet Bhandari
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Children is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • bronchopulmonary dysplasia
  • chronic lung disease
  • epidemiology
  • drug therapy
  • nutrition
  • invasive ventilation
  • non-invasive ventilation
  • biomarkers
  • surfactant
  • hyperoxia
  • lung injury

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 748 KiB  
Article
Can the Oxygen Saturation Index Predict Severe Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia?
by Hulya Ozdemir, Sinem Gulcan Kersin, Asli Memisoglu, Ibrahim Kandemir and Hulya Selva Bilgen
Children 2025, 12(5), 582; https://doi.org/10.3390/children12050582 - 30 Apr 2025
Viewed by 358
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Even with improvements in perinatal care, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) continues to be a major challenge, especially in smaller and more premature infants. Early detection of severe BPD can improve treatment outcomes. This study aims to evaluate the correlation between the oxygen [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Even with improvements in perinatal care, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) continues to be a major challenge, especially in smaller and more premature infants. Early detection of severe BPD can improve treatment outcomes. This study aims to evaluate the correlation between the oxygen saturation index (OSI) and severe BPD/death in preterm infants, with a focus on the OSI’s predictive value. Methods: In this retrospective observational study, infants with a gestational age of less than 32 weeks who required either invasive or non-invasive mechanical ventilation were included. Ventilator settings and OSI values were collected on days 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 of life. The correlations between postnatal OSIs and outcomes such as death or severe BPD were analyzed using logistic regression. Results: Out of the 210 eligible infants, 54 (25.7%) either died or were diagnosed with severe BPD. In our study, OSI values on postnatal days 14, 21, and 28 were significantly higher in preterm infants who developed severe BPD or died, with mean OSI-14, OSI-21, and OSI-28 values of 4.9, 3.5, and 2.8, respectively. The OSI showed the highest sensitivity and specificity on postnatal days 14 and 21, with cut-off points of 3.6 and 3.1, respectively. We built a basic chart to predict severe BPD/death with OSI-14 and OSI-21 and delivery room intubation with 86% sensitivity and 84.5% specificity (increasing up to 98.8% specificity). Conclusions: This study showed that the diagnostic power of the OSI in predicting severe BPD or death was highest for OSI-14 and OSI-21. We demonstrated that calculating the OSI, a non-invasive clinical tool, can predict severe BPD/death in infants born before 32 weeks as early as the 14th day of life. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Challenges and Advances)
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13 pages, 819 KiB  
Article
Children with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia-Associated Pulmonary Hypertension Treated with Pulmonary Vasodilators—The Pediatric Cardiologist Point of View
by Anna Migdał, Anna Sądel-Wieczorek, Edyta Ryciak, Alicja Mirecka-Rola, Grażyna Brzezińska-Rajszys and Małgorzata Żuk
Children 2021, 8(5), 326; https://doi.org/10.3390/children8050326 - 22 Apr 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2469
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension in children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD-PH) significantly worsens the prognosis. Pulmonary vasodilators are often used in BPD-PH but the short-term outcome of treatment is not well described. The aim of this study was to evaluate BPD-PH children diagnosed beyond 36 weeks [...] Read more.
Pulmonary hypertension in children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD-PH) significantly worsens the prognosis. Pulmonary vasodilators are often used in BPD-PH but the short-term outcome of treatment is not well described. The aim of this study was to evaluate BPD-PH children diagnosed beyond 36 weeks postmenstrual age treated with pulmonary vasodilators (sildenafil, bosentan, or both) and to assess the short and long-term effect of oral pulmonary vasodilators treatment. Twenty patients were included in the study. Cardiology evaluation (WHO-FC, NTproBNP, oxygen saturation, pulmonary to systemic pressure ratio PAP/SAP) was performed at diagnosis and after treatment initiation. In the majority of patients improvement in all evaluated factors was observed. No side effects of vasodilators were observed. PH resolved in 10 patients after a mean of 21.4 months of treatment. Six patients died. The number of poor prognostic factors commonly used to assess patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) decreased significantly during BPD-PH treatment. The influence of BPD-PH perinatal risk factors on prognosis was considered but was not confirmed. In conclusion, the treatment of BPD-PH with pulmonary vasodilators was well tolerated and led to a clinical improvement with the possibility of discontinuation without recurrence of PH. Prognostic factors used in pediatric PAH risk stratification also seem to be useful in assessing treatment efficacy and prognosis in patients with BPD-PH. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Challenges and Advances)
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