Breaking the Silence: How to Respond to and Prevent School Bullying in Children and Adolescents?

A special issue of Children (ISSN 2227-9067). This special issue belongs to the section "Pediatric Mental Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 July 2026 | Viewed by 4376

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
School of Psychology, University of Derby, Kedleston Road, Derby DE22 1GB, UK
Interests: developmental psychology; cyberbullying; face-to-face bullying; bystander intervention; anti-bullying initatives

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Psychology, University of Chester, Chester CH1 4BJ, UK
Interests: bullying; developmental psychology; self-esteem

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

School Bullying, both online and offline, continues to pose significant challenges to the social, emotional, and physical wellbeing and development of students in educational settings. It is widely defined as repeated aggressive behaviour intended to harm another individual or group, marked by a power imbalance between the perpetrator and the victim. School bullying has long been a pervasive issue, affecting children and adolescents across multiple mental health domains, inflicting social, psychological, and educational consequences for those involved.

The nature of school bullying has become more dynamic, nuanced, and difficult to respond to and prevent, both within and outside the school environment. With the development of technology introducing new platforms for aggression, including cyberbullying, the need for timely, evidence-based responses on how to respond to and prevent school bullying in children and adolescents is crucial.

Bullying and social rejection remain pervasive issues affecting children's emotional well-being, development, and academic outcomes. Despite increased awareness, many victimized children continue to suffer in silence due to fear, shame, or lack of trust in adults. This gap between experience and disclosure limits timely intervention and prolongs emotional harm. Furthermore, traditional assessment and intervention strategies may not fully capture the subtle dynamics of peer exclusion or be accessible in diverse cultural and educational contexts. A focused Special Issue can shed light on innovative, evidence-based tools and practices that not only detect and assess bullying, but also empower children to share their experiences and access support early. By emphasizing both prevention and responsive intervention, this issue aims to contribute meaningfully to the field of child and adolescent well-being.

The aim of this special issue is to explore both the individual and systemic drivers of school bullying, while also highlighting promising strategies for prevention, intervention, and support for children and adolescents affected by it. The aim of this special issue is to bring together and spotlight research that:

  • Examines the contextual and situational factors that constrain or support efforts to respond to and prevent school bullying.
  • Examines the roles and views of different stakeholders, including children, adolescents, teachers, and parents/guardians on how to respond to and prevent school bullying.
  • Explores intersectional vulnerabilities such as race, gender, sexuality, and disability in the context of school bullying intervention and prevention.
  • To address the frequent gaps between the experience of victimization and its disclosure by exploring strategies that encourage children to report bullying and social exclusion.
  • To highlight innovative approaches for evaluating, preventing, and intervening in cases of bullying and peer rejection.

We welcome a range of original empirical research across different methodologies and theoretical contributions. Research focusing on other clearly related subtopics may be considered. We also welcome studies looking at either traditional bullying, cyberbullying, or other related forms of online and offline aggression.

Please do get in touch if you want to discuss any potential ideas and/or submissions.

Dr. Peter J.R. Macaulay
Prof. Dr. Michael John Boulton
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • bullying
  • cyberbullying
  • intervention and prevention
  • aggression
  • psychiatry and behavioral health
  • child and adolescent psychiatry

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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21 pages, 317 KB  
Article
To Ignore, to Join in, or to Intervene? Contextual and Individual Factors Influencing Cyber Bystanders’ Response to Cyberbullying Incidents
by Nikolett Arató, Lilla Németh and Peter J. R. Macaulay
Children 2026, 13(1), 113; https://doi.org/10.3390/children13010113 - 12 Jan 2026
Viewed by 1210
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Cyber bystanders can choose from several different strategies during cyberbullying incidents and have a significant effect on the situation. Hence, cyber bystanders are specifically targeted by prevention programmes and research investigating variables influencing cyber bystander responses is crucial for such programmes. The [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Cyber bystanders can choose from several different strategies during cyberbullying incidents and have a significant effect on the situation. Hence, cyber bystanders are specifically targeted by prevention programmes and research investigating variables influencing cyber bystander responses is crucial for such programmes. The aim of our study was (1) to explore contextual factors’ effect on cyberbullying incidents’ perceived severity and (2) the most frequent cyber bystander responses. We also aimed (3) to learn how the context of cyberbullying incidents affects cyber bystander responses and the joint effect of individual and contextual variables on cyber bystander responses. Methods: In total, 314 Hungarian high school students participated in our online survey (mean age = 16.15, SD = 3.28). The respondents filled in self-administered questionnaires that measured cyber bystander responses, severity of different cyberbullying incidents, empathy, moral disengagement, social desirability, and cyberbullying engagement. Results: First, our results showed that the respondents perceived public and visual cyberbullying, and when the victim was upset by it the most severe incidents. Second, in almost every condition, the two most likely cyber bystander responses were ignorance and emotional support for the victim. Third, the individual and contextual variables had a joint effect influencing cyber bystander responses except for emotional support to the victim that was only influenced by individual variables, i.e., empathy, moral disengagement, and social desirability. Conclusions: All in all, our results showed that all cyberbullying contexts were associated with cyber bystander responses and the prominent association between moral disengagement, social desirability, empathy, and prosocial cyber bystander responses. Moreover, these results could guide cyberbullying prevention to focus on cyber bystanders’ empathy training, decreasing their moral disengagement, and educating them about the effects of online contextual variables. Full article
22 pages, 433 KB  
Article
Adaptive Behavior and Bullying Experiences in Spanish-Speaking Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder Level 1
by Alberto Sánchez-Pedroche, Daniel Adrover-Roig, Mario Valera-Pozo, María Fernanda Lara Díaz and Eva Aguilar-Mediavilla
Children 2025, 12(12), 1707; https://doi.org/10.3390/children12121707 - 17 Dec 2025
Viewed by 956
Abstract
Background/Objectives: This study aims to compare adaptive and maladaptive behaviors of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Level 1 (ASD-L1) and their experiences of bullying in comparison to a matched control group. Additionally, we explored which of such behaviors predicted both victimization and aggression [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: This study aims to compare adaptive and maladaptive behaviors of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Level 1 (ASD-L1) and their experiences of bullying in comparison to a matched control group. Additionally, we explored which of such behaviors predicted both victimization and aggression in both samples. Methods: The sample consisted of 96 children and adolescents, 48 with ASD-L1 (31 Colombians and 17 Spanish) and 48 controls (31 Colombians and 17 Spanish), matched by age, gender, and socioeconomic status. Adaptive and maladaptive behaviors, as well as bullying experiences, were assessed. Results: Children with ASD-L1 reported higher levels of clinical and school maladjustment and lower levels of personal adjustment compared to the control group. Although no significant differences were found in bullying victimization, the ASD-L1 group showed higher aggression scores. In this group, lower personal adjustment predicted victimization, whereas higher clinical maladjustment predicted aggression. In contrast, in the control group, aggression was predicted by school maladjustment. Conclusions: Aggressive behavior in children with ASD-L1 was linked to higher levels of clinical maladjustment, while better personal adjustment served as a protective factor against bullying victimization. These findings emphasize distinct socio-emotional mechanisms underlying bullying involvement in autistic and typically developing youth. Full article
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Review

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23 pages, 812 KB  
Review
Participatory Methodologies for Addressing School Bullying: An Overview and Methodological Guidelines
by Manuel Montañés-Serrano, Iving Zelaya-Perdomo and Esteban A. Ramos Muslera
Children 2026, 13(2), 214; https://doi.org/10.3390/children13020214 - 31 Jan 2026
Viewed by 1090
Abstract
Bullying is not a dyadic interaction between victim and perpetrator, but a relational phenomenon involving multiple group networks: those who exercise physical, psychological, or symbolic violence; those who encourage it; those who suffer it; and those who, while aware of it, remain on [...] Read more.
Bullying is not a dyadic interaction between victim and perpetrator, but a relational phenomenon involving multiple group networks: those who exercise physical, psychological, or symbolic violence; those who encourage it; those who suffer it; and those who, while aware of it, remain on the sidelines. Preventing bullying, or stopping it once it emerges, requires undermining the support base that sustains it: no one should play the role of cheerleader, and those who remain passive must become involved in defending those targeted. It is also necessary to foster in those who are bullied the strength and capacity to confront the situation. From a Freirean perspective, this implies weaving alliances between those who are kindred and those who are different, and even with outsiders, to oppose those who act antagonistically. Such a task demands debate, reflection, and the collective formulation of measures among the diverse group realities in schools, given that bullying is grounded in the refusal to recognize certain others as part of “us”, though we are all “others” to one another. This article sets out arguments for the need to address these diverse group realities and presents the phases and main contents of a participatory process for designing and implementing a School Coexistence Plan, drawing on the Participatory Construction of Peaceful Coexistence method as a framework for addressing bullying. Full article
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