Obesity, Physical Activity and the Association with Child Development

A special issue of Children (ISSN 2227-9067). This special issue belongs to the section "Global Pediatric Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 November 2023) | Viewed by 32489

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, 162 52 Prague, Czech Republic
Interests: motor performance; physical activity; obesity

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Childhood obesity is a complex disease with multiple influences and varied outcomes in physical and mental health and child development. Therefore, in recent decades, obesity in children has emerged as a severe health issue worldwide, which was strengthened in 2020 by pandemic restrictions. Currently, obesity affects over 340 million children globally. There is little chance of decreasing this number later in life because obesity in childhood has been linked to obese status in adulthood. It was very alarming that it took only twenty-four months during the lockdown period, from January 2019 to December 2020, to significantly increase the prevalence of child obesity worldwide. In many countries, weight gain accompanying worsening nutrition habits, reduced movements out of the house, limited physical activity, and deceleration in growth were found. Engaging in sufficient physical activity during childhood is associated with lower levels of unhealthy weight and obesity, enhanced cardiometabolic health, improved cognition and academic achievement, and a more positive sense of well-being. Additionally, although the influence of physical activity and intervention to improve physical activity have undergone trials, significant gaps remain in the scientific understanding of relations between somatic development, including obesity in children, and various aspects of child development. This Special Issue invites contributions from across the psychosocial, psychological, neurological, educational, sport science or endocrinological perspectives examining the relationship between obesity, physical activity, and child development.

This Special Issue is open to original research, review articles, short reports, brief commentaries, case reports, and meta-analyses, related to obesity, physical activity, and development and their impact or role in child development. The keywords listed below suggest just a few of the many possibilities.

Dr. Martin Musálek
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • obesity
  • physical activity
  • well-being
  • cognitive
  • social
  • educational
  • health-related
  • neurological
  • endocrinological
  • motor development
  • children
  • early childhood

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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14 pages, 1481 KiB  
Article
Body Mass Index and Physical Fitness among Chinese Adolescents Aged 15–18: A Cross-Sectional Study of Gender Differences
by Guoqing Liu, Rongkai Hao, Xiaotian Li, Yucheng Gao, Wenjie Li and Meijie Zhang
Children 2023, 10(7), 1204; https://doi.org/10.3390/children10071204 - 12 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2263
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between varying levels of obesity and physical fitness test scores among Chinese adolescents, while also investigating gender differences in physical fitness and overall health. Data on height, weight, 50 m sprints, 1000/800 [...] Read more.
Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between varying levels of obesity and physical fitness test scores among Chinese adolescents, while also investigating gender differences in physical fitness and overall health. Data on height, weight, 50 m sprints, 1000/800 m runs, standing long jumps, sit and reach exercises, pull-ups/bent-leg sit-ups, and additional variables were collected from the DYH health database. Physical fitness indicators were evaluated based on the revised 2014 National Physical Fitness Standards for Students, and scores were assigned accordingly. An ordinal logistic regression (ologit) model was employed to analyze the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and physical fitness. Results: (1) Normal-weight boys achieved significantly higher physical fitness test scores than boys in other weight categories. (2) Underweight and normal-weight girls obtained significantly higher physical fitness test scores compared to overweight and obese girls, with underweight girls scoring slightly higher than those with a normal weight. Conclusions: (1) There is a significant non-linear relationship between BMI levels and physical fitness test scores. (2) Gender differences were observed in physical fitness and overall health outcome. (3) The findings indicate an inverted U-shaped association between BMI and physical fitness among boys, while girls displayed an inverse relationship. This could be attributed to the cultural association between thinness and beauty among girls in China. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Obesity, Physical Activity and the Association with Child Development)
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17 pages, 1233 KiB  
Systematic Review
The Effects of Physical Activity on Academic Performance in School-Aged Children: A Systematic Review
by Joseph James, Andy Pringle, Stuart Mourton and Clare M. P. Roscoe
Children 2023, 10(6), 1019; https://doi.org/10.3390/children10061019 - 5 Jun 2023
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 29498
Abstract
Schools offer a unique environment to influence children’s physical activity (PA) levels positively. This study aims to systematically review the evidence surrounding how PA affects academic performance by analysing how the frequency, intensity, time, and type of PA mediate academic performance outcomes. This [...] Read more.
Schools offer a unique environment to influence children’s physical activity (PA) levels positively. This study aims to systematically review the evidence surrounding how PA affects academic performance by analysing how the frequency, intensity, time, and type of PA mediate academic performance outcomes. This review was conducted using the PRISMA framework. Keyword searches were conducted in Science Direct, PubMed, and SPORTDiscus. Children that were obese, typically developing, typical weight, disabled, with a developmental disability, from a low socio-economic background, or an ethnic minority were included. A total of 19 studies were included, with a total of 6788 participants, a mean age of 9.3 years (50.2% boys, and 49.8% girls). Overall, 63.2% were nondisabled, while 36.8% were diagnosed with a disability. Two authors met, reviewed papers with regard to the inclusion criteria, and agreed on outputs to be included. Evidence suggests that associations between PA and academic performance were primarily positive or nonsignificant. PA levels of 90 min plus per week were associated with improved academic performance, as was PA performed at moderate to vigorous intensity. The optimal duration of PA was 30–60 min per session, whilst various sports induced positive academic effects. Importantly, findings support that PA does not have a deleterious effect on academic performance but can enhance it. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Obesity, Physical Activity and the Association with Child Development)
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