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Children
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Future Directions of Specific Immunomodulatory Therapy in Children
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Future Directions of Specific Immunomodulatory Therapy in Children

A special issue of Children (ISSN 2227-9067). This special issue belongs to the section "Pediatric Allergy and Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2025) | Viewed by 520

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Francesco La Torre

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology Center, Ospedale Pediatrico "Giovanni XXIII", AOU Consorziale Policlinico, Bari, Italy
Interests: pediatrics; rheumatology; autoinflammatory diseases; vasculitis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Carla Mastrorilli

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Consortium Corporation Polyclinic of Bari, Pediatric Hospital Giovanni XXIII, 70124 Bari, Italy
Interests: food allergies; children; allergens; allergy; diabetes mellitus; allergic diseases; allergic sensitization; allergy diagnosis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We would like to invite you to contribute to the Special Issue on the “Future Directions of Specific Immunomodulatory Therapy in Children”. Immunomodulators play a crucial role in modern medical practice, with both stimulatory and suppressive effects that regulate and control the immune response. These substances modulate the immune system by delivering cytokines and stimulating immune cells and the mechanisms of immunomodulators involve interactions between key molecules such as cytokines and signaling pathways that shape immune responses, mitigate inflammation, and regulate immune cell functions. Clinically, immunomodulators are central to managing autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases and others immunological disorders involving the skin, musculoskeletal system, and respiratory tract. The future direction of these treatments is focused on precision medicine and targeted therapies such as new biologics, small molecules, and checkpoint inhibitors.

The purpose of this Special Issue is to provide cutting-edge data on all aspects of these new specific immunomodulators and future perspectives for pediatric rheumatologists, immunologists, and allergologists.

We will lay out specific tools in order to highlight all of the latest developments concerning this topic, taking into consideration above all observational studies and registry data, but also reviews and case reports if these provide evident novelties regarding the disease.

You may choose our Joint Special Issue in Allergies.

Dr. Francesco La Torre
Dr. Carla Mastrorilli
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Children is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biologics
  • small molecules
  • autoimmune disease
  • autoinflammatory disorders
  • allergy
  • rare allergic disorders
  • IgE-mediated

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

19 pages, 2875 KiB  
Article
Chronic Non-Bacterial Osteomyelitis (CNO) in a Tertiary Center in Southern Italy: Response to Treatment and Outcome Stratification
by Roberta Loconte, Rossella Donghia, Mariantonietta Francavilla, Giandomenico Stellacci, Carla Mastrorilli, Violetta Mastrorilli, Carlo Amati, Marcella Salvemini, Daniela Dibello, Giuseppe Ingravallo, Francesco De Leonardis, Stefano Palladino, Alberto Gaeta, Antonio Colella, Paola Giordano, Fabio Cardinale and Francesco La Torre
Children 2025, 12(4), 451; https://doi.org/10.3390/children12040451 - 31 Mar 2025
Viewed by 296
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) is a rare autoinflammatory disease characterized by chronic sterile uni- or multifocal osteomyelitis. The treatment of CNO is mostly empirical and the outcome of the disease has not yet been standardized. The aims of this study were to [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) is a rare autoinflammatory disease characterized by chronic sterile uni- or multifocal osteomyelitis. The treatment of CNO is mostly empirical and the outcome of the disease has not yet been standardized. The aims of this study were to correlate clinically active lesions with radiological signs of inflammation and to evaluate the outcomes in terms of symptoms and radiological signs with Whole Body Magnetic Resonance Imaging (WB-MRI) based on the treatment line used. Methods: A retrospective, observational cohort study of 20 CNO patients, recruited from a single tertiary center in southern Italy, was conducted. Patients included in the study were treated based on the “step-up” approach and were guided by the “treat-to-target” strategy as well as by the response to therapy. The outcome measure was stratified into four different groups, defined by a “Delphy consensus”, depending on the symptoms and the presence of bone lesions in WB-MRI, compared with the therapy carried out. Results: Pain was the most common presenting symptom of the disease. Only 15% of our patients reported long-term complications. WB-MRI was performed for each patient both at diagnosis and during follow-up. At onset, the site most affected by the disease was the tibia. All patients who reached a 5-year follow-up (30%, n = 6) achieved a complete disease remission. Conclusions: The standardized “step-up” treatment approach in our cohort proved effective in disease management with disease control or remission in nearly 90% of patients at one year from diagnosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Future Directions of Specific Immunomodulatory Therapy in Children)
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