Non-IgE Pediatric Food Allergy: Clinical and Research Issues

A special issue of Children (ISSN 2227-9067). This special issue belongs to the section "Pediatric Allergy and Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 August 2025 | Viewed by 501

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
1. Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Infantil Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
2. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
Interests: medicine; probiotics; microbiota; food-allergy; nutrition

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Guest Editor
Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain
Interests: child

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The pathophysiology of non-IgE mediated food allergy is mostly unknown, and its incidence is increasing. This explains the lack of diagnostic and predictive markers for this entity, and its possible under-diagnosis. Unlike IgE-mediated allergy, the symptoms of non-IgE are typically delayed from hours to weeks after protein ingestion, and there is actually no confirmatory test available, so diagnosis can be a challenge. This problem impacts both allergy and gastrointestinal pediatricians but is usually handled differently because of its different manifestations. Some non-IgE diseases (eosinophilic esophagitis or enteropathy) are likely emerging due to immunotherapy or desensitization treatments.

The aim of this Special Issue is to encourage pediatric gastroenterologists and allergy specialists to share their experience in managing non-IgE disease. Cutting-edge studies could provide new biomarkers or new clinical scores for the diagnosis of non-IgE diseases, regarding any kind of food allergy. This research could provide new clinical tools for the monitoring of immune tolerance of food allergies.

We will consider original research articles, reviews, and case reports that explore novel diagnostic methods and biomarkers of non-IgE food allergy and early signs of oral immunotolerance failure.

Dr. Jimena Pérez-Moreno
Dr. María Elena Seoane-Reula
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • food allergy
  • non-IgE-mediated allergy
  • immunotherapy
  • allergy management
  • enteropathy
  • eosinophilic esophagitis
  • specific oral tolerance induction (SOTI)

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

11 pages, 806 KiB  
Article
The Immunological Mechanisms Involved in the Pathophysiology of Allergic Proctocolitis
by Jimena Pérez-Moreno, Esther Bernaldo-de-Quirós, Mar Tolín Hernani, Guillermo Álvarez-Calatayud, Laura Perezábad, César Sánchez Sánchez and Rafael Correa-Rocha
Children 2025, 12(6), 688; https://doi.org/10.3390/children12060688 - 27 May 2025
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Abstract
Background: The pathophysiology of non-IgE-mediated cow’s milk allergy is mostly unknown. Previous studies suggested a mechanism mediated by T cells, but this was not confirmed in subsequent studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunological mechanisms, especially the role of [...] Read more.
Background: The pathophysiology of non-IgE-mediated cow’s milk allergy is mostly unknown. Previous studies suggested a mechanism mediated by T cells, but this was not confirmed in subsequent studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunological mechanisms, especially the role of regulatory T cells (Tregs), in the pathophysiology of allergic proctocolitis (FPIAP). Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on infants with FPIAP and a control group of healthy infants with similar ages. The main variables were lymphocyte populations, included Tregs, which were extracted from peripheral blood and processed immediately by flow cytometry at two time points: in the acute phase (“T0”) and after clinical resolution (“Tres”). Results: A total of 32 patients with FPIAP and 10 healthy infants were enrolled. There was a higher T-CD4 memory cell count, increased numbers of regulatory B cells and a higher percentage of Tregs (p < 0.01) in patients with acute FPIAP in contrast to the healthy group. The levels of granulocytes (mainly eosinophils), dendritic cells (mDC2) and NK16+56- cells were also significantly higher in the FPIAP group. NK16+56- cells and the number of granulocytes appeared to be the best markers for distinguishing between the healthy and FPIAP infants based on the ROC curves. Conclusions: FPIAP does not appear to have an immune mechanism mediated by T cells, but it may be associated with innate immunity responses characterized by an increase in NK16+56- cells, eosinophils and dendritic cells. These cells could be evaluated in future studies as possible markers of non-IgE-mediated cow’s milk protein allergy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Non-IgE Pediatric Food Allergy: Clinical and Research Issues)
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