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Children
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The Diagnosis and Management of Pediatric Leukemia
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The Diagnosis and Management of Pediatric Leukemia

A special issue of Children (ISSN 2227-9067). This special issue belongs to the section "Pediatric Hematology & Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2025) | Viewed by 703

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Elaine R. Morgan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
2. Division of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ann & Robert H Lurie Childrens Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
Interests: lymphoma

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are planning an edition focused on the diagnosis and management of pediatric leukemia.

We would like to focus on the initial diagnostic workup, initial management of emergent complications, overviews of front line therapy, the management of relapse, the roles of stem cell transplant and radiation therapy, supportive care including symptom management, the impact of new targeted therapies, the unique problems of adolescent and young adult patients, and the long term-problems in survivors.

Obviously, we may not be able to include all of these topics, and other suggestions are welcome.

I would also very much like an article on the problems of management, prognosis, salvage therapy, and supportive therapies in low- and middle-income countries, as I suspect there are many challenges in those populations.

Thank you for considering submitting to this journal, and we welcome additional input.

Prof. Dr. Elaine R. Morgan
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Children is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • leukemia
  • immunotherapies
  • adolescent and AYA leukemia
  • survivorship
  • LMIC management

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 2405 KiB  
Article
Real World Posaconazole Pharmacokinetic Data in Paediatric Stem Cell Transplant Recipients
by Csaba Kassa, Katalin Csordás, Lídia Hau, Orsolya Horváth, Krisztián Kállay, Gabriella Kertész, Márton Kiss, János Sinkó, Ágnes Wolfort and Gergely Kriván
Children 2025, 12(4), 467; https://doi.org/10.3390/children12040467 - 5 Apr 2025
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Abstract
Background: Invasive fungal disease is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (alloHSCT) recipients. Posaconazole, a broad-spectrum triazole, is widely used as prophylaxis. Methods: We conducted a monocentric, retrospective study to present real-world data on posaconazole trough [...] Read more.
Background: Invasive fungal disease is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (alloHSCT) recipients. Posaconazole, a broad-spectrum triazole, is widely used as prophylaxis. Methods: We conducted a monocentric, retrospective study to present real-world data on posaconazole trough levels in paediatric alloHSCT patients. The main objective was to determine the required daily dose of posaconazole in paediatric patients. We analysed factors influencing posaconazole levels, and the association between posaconazole levels and breakthrough fungal infection. Results: Among 102 allogeneic HSCT recipients, we measured posaconazole plasma concentrations in 548 blood samples. The required daily doses to reach a target range of 0.7–2.0 mg/L were 15.22 (suspension), 7.52 (tablet), and 7.84 mg/kg (intravenous). Patients aged < 13 years needed higher doses to achieve the target range. The presence of enteral symptoms during prophylaxis was associated with lower plasma concentrations (p < 0.001), while co-administration of proton pump inhibitors did not (p = 0.09). Eight breakthrough infections occurred; low levels of posaconazole (<0.7 mg/L) were observed in five out of eight cases. The Cox regression model showed that higher mean plasma concentrations decreased the hazard of breakthrough infections. Conclusions: The tablet and intravenous formulations of posaconazole outperformed the suspension in terms of predictability. Our analyses on breakthrough infections and posaconazole plasma levels suggest an exposure–response relationship. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Diagnosis and Management of Pediatric Leukemia)
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Review

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14 pages, 257 KiB  
Review
False-Positive and False-Negative MRD Results in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Navigating Between Scylla and Charybdis (Brief Review and Clinical Experience)
by Yulia S. Korkina, Timur T. Valiev, Natalia A. Batmanova, Mikhail V. Kiselevskiy, Irina Z. Shubina, Kirill I. Kirgizov and Svetlana R. Varfolomeeva
Children 2025, 12(7), 860; https://doi.org/10.3390/children12070860 - 30 Jun 2025
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignant disease in children. Contemporary antitumor treatment protocols provide long-term survival rates in over 90% of patients with ALL. High effectiveness of the treatment has been achieved as a result of chemotherapy optimization, use [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignant disease in children. Contemporary antitumor treatment protocols provide long-term survival rates in over 90% of patients with ALL. High effectiveness of the treatment has been achieved as a result of chemotherapy optimization, use of targeted drugs, up-to-date genetic information, and detection of minimal residual disease (MRD). Current highly sensitive methods for MRD detection have advantages and disadvantages, and the challenge is to distinguish between false-positive and false-negative tests. Methods: A comprehensive search through MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect using the MRD-related keywords was performed, and included a final set of 72 academic articles. Results: At present, flow cytometry for MRD detection provides the necessary sensitivity of 10−4 and allows for reliable prediction of ALL dynamics and effective therapeutic strategies. However, even multicolor flow cytometry (MFC) cannot avoid cases of false-positive or false-negative results. Highly sensitive and productive genomic methods in addition to MFC may enhance the accuracy of MRD evaluation. On the other hand, overwhelming efforts to reach the highest sensitivity of the detection methods may lead to the detection of clinically insignificant manifestations of minimal residual disease and, subsequently, to unjustified escalation of antitumor therapy. Conclusions: The necessary ground for an adequate sensitivity of the MRD detection methods could ensure the fine line between false-positive and false-negative MRD results in patients with childhood ALL to develop an appropriate therapeutic strategy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Diagnosis and Management of Pediatric Leukemia)
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