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Children
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Progress in the Treatment of Urinary System Diseases in Children
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Progress in the Treatment of Urinary System Diseases in Children

A special issue of Children (ISSN 2227-9067). This special issue belongs to the section "Pediatric Nephrology & Urology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 November 2025 | Viewed by 542

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Alberto Parente

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Pediatric Urology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
Interests: endourology; robotic surgery; pediatric urology
Dr. Rubén Ortiz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Gregorio Marañon University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
Interests: endourology; robotic surgery; pediatric urology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Pediatric urology has changed significantly in recent years. Technological advances over the last 20 years have led to a shift in the way we assess various pediatric conditions. On the one hand, the miniaturization of endoscopes and advances in technology have revolutionized endourology. Currently, open surgery is unacceptable as the first option for kidney stones, posterior urethral valves, or vesicoureteral reflux. Similarly, at the beginning of this century, urological laparoscopy was in its early stages. Currently, laparoscopy with 3 mm ports and robotic surgery have replaced open surgery as the first option for pyeloureteral junction obstruction.

The objective of this Special Issue is to focus on the advances in pediatric urology that each author feels are most important. Authors can present their experience and share it with others, in addition to reviewing the current state of the field.

Dr. Alberto Parente
Dr. Rubén Ortiz
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Children is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • endourology
  • pediatric urology
  • laparoscopy
  • robotic surgery

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

9 pages, 484 KB  
Article
Utility of Clinical Signs in the Diagnosis of Testicular Torsion in Pediatric Age: Optimization of Timing in a Time-Sensitive Pathology
by Fabiola Cassaro, Salvatore Arena, Roberta Bonfiglio, Angela Alibrandi, Santi D’Antoni, Carmelo Romeo and Pietro Impellizzeri
Children 2025, 12(9), 1220; https://doi.org/10.3390/children12091220 - 12 Sep 2025
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: Acute scrotal pain in children and adolescents requires prompt evaluation to differentiate testicular torsion from other scrotal pathologies. Testicular torsion, a surgical emergency, can lead to irreversible testicular damage if not managed rapidly. This study aims to assess the clinical signs, [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Acute scrotal pain in children and adolescents requires prompt evaluation to differentiate testicular torsion from other scrotal pathologies. Testicular torsion, a surgical emergency, can lead to irreversible testicular damage if not managed rapidly. This study aims to assess the clinical signs, diagnostic tools, and outcomes related to testicular torsion in patients presenting with acute scrotal pain. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 111 patients diagnosed with acute scrotal conditions. Clinical signs, presentation times, ultrasound findings, and treatment outcomes (surgical intervention, orchiectomy, or medical management) were evaluated. The statistical analysis was performed with a p-value < 0.05 being considered significant. Correlations between clinical signs, diagnostic imaging, and treatment modalities were assessed. Results: The most prevalent clinical signs were scrotal swelling (92.2%), pain on palpation (93.5%), and scrotal hyperemia (84.4%). Testicular torsion was strongly associated with the absence of the cremasteric reflex (p < 0.0001) and testicular retraction (p < 0.0001). Ultrasound findings, including absent blood flow and testicular heterogeneity, were highly predictive of surgical intervention (p < 0.01). Patients presenting within 8 h of symptom onset had higher success rates of detorsion and testicular preservation. Conclusions: Timely and accurate clinical assessment, including the identification of key signs such as the absence of the cremasteric reflex and testicular retraction, is critical for differentiating testicular torsion from other conditions. Ultrasound findings are pivotal in guiding treatment decisions in cases of clinical uncertainty. Early intervention significantly improves testicular viability and outcomes, underscoring the importance of rapid diagnosis and management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Progress in the Treatment of Urinary System Diseases in Children)
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9 pages, 393 KB  
Article
A Novel Approach to the Management of Children with Primary Nocturnal Enuresis
by Buket Esen Agar, Metin Kaya Gurgoze and Aslihan Kara
Children 2025, 12(9), 1128; https://doi.org/10.3390/children12091128 - 27 Aug 2025
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: Primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) is a common condition that adversely affects the quality of life of both children and their families. It is known to have a multifactorial pathogenesis. This study aimed to evaluate serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), vitamin B12, [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) is a common condition that adversely affects the quality of life of both children and their families. It is known to have a multifactorial pathogenesis. This study aimed to evaluate serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), vitamin B12, folic acid, and ferritin in children diagnosed with PNE and to investigate the impact of correcting detected deficiencies on the number of wet nights. Methods: A total of 150 pediatric patients diagnosed with monosymptomatic primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) who had previously undergone standard urotherapy without clinical improvement were included in this study. Serum levels of vitamin B12 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) were assessed, and patients with deficiencies were identified. Vitamin supplementation was administered to those with deficient/insufficient levels. The number of wet nights was recorded at monthly follow-up visits to monitor clinical response. Results: Only 14% of the 150 patients had no detectable vitamin deficiencies. A deficiency in serum vitamin B12 levels was observed in 78.6% of patients, while 41.3% had reduced 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels. Concurrent deficiencies in both 25OHD and vitamin B12 were detected in 34% of the patients. No folate deficiency was observed in any patient. Notably, vitamin supplementation alone resulted in successful enuresis management in 77.6% of the patients. Conclusions: A high prevalence of vitamin B12 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) deficiencies was identified among patients diagnosed with primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE). Significant improvements in nocturnal dryness were achieved solely through correction of these deficiencies, without the use of desmopressin therapy. These findings suggest that targeted vitamin supplementation may play a crucial role in enhancing the success rate of standard urotherapy in the management of PNE. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Progress in the Treatment of Urinary System Diseases in Children)
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