Microglial Functions in Neurodegenerative Diseases: In Search of Potential Therapeutic Targets

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409). This special issue belongs to the section "Cellular Aging".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 December 2025) | Viewed by 955

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Physiology, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
Interests: inflammation; new therapies; neurodegeneration

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Guest Editor
Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
Interests: microglia; inflammation; neurodegeneration

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Microglia, as the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, play a pivotal role in maintaining neural homeostasis and modulating responses to injury and disease. In the last decade, the complex involvement of microglia in neuroinflammation, synaptic pruning, and cell signaling has positioned this cell type as both a potential mediator and modulator of neurodegenerative processes.

A substantial body of information has shed light on how dysregulated microglial activation contributes to different neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s disease. However, fewer studies have explored the role of microglia in the context of mitochondrial diseases and other rare disorders, where neurodegeneration is also a defining feature.

This Special Issue seeks to explore the multifaceted roles of microglia in neurodegeneration and to identify novel therapeutic targets aimed at modulating microglial function. We welcome original research articles and reviews that delve into the molecular mechanisms governing microglial activity, the impact of microglial phenotypes on disease progression, and innovative strategies to target microglia for therapeutic benefit. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to:

  • Microglial signaling pathways in health and disease.
  • The role of mitochondria and oxidative stress in microglial function in the context of neurodegeneration.
  • Crosstalk between microglia’s organelles in a pathological context.
  • Emerging small-molecule or gene-based interventions focused on microglia modulation.
  • Effects of microglial dysregulation on neuronal function.

Our aim is to foster a deeper understanding of microglial biology in the context of neurodegeneration and to highlight promising approaches for therapeutic intervention. We invite researchers from neuroscience, pharmacology, and related fields to contribute their findings to this impactful compilation.

Dr. Laura Jiménez Sánchez
Dr. María Martín Estebané
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • microglia
  • inflammation
  • neural damage
  • mitochondria
  • potential targets

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

26 pages, 5002 KB  
Article
Propentofylline and Interleukin-4 Modulate Lesion-Associated Myeloid Responses and Improve Functional Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury
by Mousumi Ghosh, Amir-Hossein Bayat, Keeley S. Garvey, Tolani Oshinusi, Thomas De Leon, Jacqueline Sagen and Damien D. Pearse
Cells 2026, 15(7), 625; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells15070625 - 31 Mar 2026
Viewed by 481
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) triggers a secondary injury cascade characterized by persistent innate immune activation, chronic neuroinflammation, and progressive tissue loss that limits functional recovery. Here, we evaluated a systemic combination treatment using propentofylline (PPF), a glial modulator, together with interleukin-4 (IL-4), a [...] Read more.
Spinal cord injury (SCI) triggers a secondary injury cascade characterized by persistent innate immune activation, chronic neuroinflammation, and progressive tissue loss that limits functional recovery. Here, we evaluated a systemic combination treatment using propentofylline (PPF), a glial modulator, together with interleukin-4 (IL-4), a cytokine associated with repair-related myeloid responses. In vitro, PPF enhanced IL-4-dependent induction of arginase-1 (ARG1) in TNFα-primed BV2 microglia. In vivo, adult Fischer rats of both sexes received vehicle, PPF, IL-4, or combined PPF + IL-4 beginning within 1 h after moderate T8 contusive SCI and continuing daily for 14 days. Locomotor recovery was assessed longitudinally for 8 weeks, followed by histological and immunohistochemical analyses. Combined PPF + IL-4 treatment produced the greatest improvement in gross and skilled locomotor recovery compared with vehicle, or either monotherapy. At 8 weeks post-SCI, the combined therapy aligned with a reduction in chronic lesion-associated p-p38 MAPK, decreased pP65 NFkB (RelA) activation, increased expression of reparative factors ARG1 and CD206, as well as reduced lesion cavitation and trends toward greater gray and white matter preservation. Stratification of functional data by sex showed BBB improvements with combined PPF + IL-4 in both males and females after SCI. Together, these findings show that combined systemic PPF and IL-4 treatment was associated with improved functional recovery, reduced lesion cavitation, and changes in lesion-associated molecular and histological endpoints after SCI, supporting further preclinical investigation. Full article
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