pH Sensing, Signaling, and Regulation in Cellular Processes

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409). This special issue belongs to the section "Cell Signaling".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 April 2026 | Viewed by 744

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Medical School Hamburg, Am Sandtorkai 1, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
Interests: pH-sensing; mechano-sensing; proton sensing G protein coupled receptors; adhesion G protein coupled receptors; intracellular Ca2+ signalling

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The proton concentrations in extracellular and intracellular compartments are tightly regulated to maintain the overall extra- and intracellular pH within a range that is conducive to proper protein, and therefore cell, function. However, the intra- and extracellular pH can fluctuate both acutely and chronically (e.g., during neuronal activity), and the extracellular pH in some tissues can be significantly more acidic than in others to support physiological processes (e.g., the olfactory epithelium and epididymis), suggesting that protons may also have signaling functions beyond their impact on protein function and membrane potential. Critically, changes in pH regulation and, hence, the signaling activity of pH-sensing receptors accompany healthy aging, as well as virtually all pathologies, ranging from cancer and inflammatory diseases to traumatic injuries and stroke. Importantly, it is thought that altered pH signaling does not simply accompany disease progression but actually facilitates it. Hence, pH sensors likely play a crucial role both in physiological processes (including aging) and pathology development. A better understanding of pH-dependent receptors and signaling cascades would aid our understanding of these processes and facilitate the identification of novel therapeutic strategies and targets.

The goal of this Special Issue is to provide an overview of the plethora of processes involving pH-sensing receptors, as well as the receptors themselves, ranging from ion channels and G-protein-coupled receptors to inflammatory processes and malignant transformation in cells, tissues, and whole animals. This will provide an exciting insight into the diversity of processes that pH and changes in pH can accompany and trigger.

Prof. Dr. Maike Glitsch
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • extra- and intracellular pH
  • pH sensing, signaling, and regulation
  • pH-dependent receptors
  • proton signaling
  • ion channels
  • G-protein-coupled receptors
  • cell biology and function
  • physiological and pathological processes
  • aging, cancer, inflammation, and so on
  • novel therapeutic strategies and targets

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

15 pages, 2174 KiB  
Article
Weak Acids as Endogenous Inhibitors of the Proton-Activated Chloride Channel
by Inês C. A. Pombeiro Stein, Maren Schulz, Daniel Rudolf, Christine Herzog, Frank Echtermeyer, Nils Kriedemann, Robert Zweigerdt and Andreas Leffler
Cells 2025, 14(14), 1110; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells14141110 - 19 Jul 2025
Viewed by 402
Abstract
The recently identified proton-activated chloride (PAC) channel is ubiquitously expressed, and it regulates several proton-sensitive physiological and pathophysiological processes. While the PAC channel is activated by strong acids due to the binding of protons to extracellular binding sites, here, we describe the way [...] Read more.
The recently identified proton-activated chloride (PAC) channel is ubiquitously expressed, and it regulates several proton-sensitive physiological and pathophysiological processes. While the PAC channel is activated by strong acids due to the binding of protons to extracellular binding sites, here, we describe the way in which weak acids inhibit the PAC channel by a mechanism involving a distinct extracellular binding site. Whole-cell patch clamp was performed on wildtype HEK293T cells, PAC-knockout HEK293 cells expressing human (h)PAC mutant constructs, and on hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Proton-induced cytotoxicity was examined in HEK293T cells. Acetic acid inhibited endogenous PAC channels in HEK 293T cells in a reversible, concentration-dependent, and pH-dependent manner. The inhibition of PAC channels was also induced by lactic acid, propionic acid, itaconic acid, and β-hydroxybutyrate. Weak acids also inhibited recombinant wildtype hPAC channels and PAC-like currents in hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Replacement of the extracellular arginine 93 by an alanine (hPAC–Arg93Ala) strongly reduced the inhibition by some weak acids, including arachidonic acid. Although lactic acid inhibited PAC, it did not reduce the proton-induced cytotoxicity examined in wildtype HEK 293 cells. To conclude, weak acids inhibit PAC via an extracellular mechanism involving Arg93. These data warrant further investigations into the regulation of the PAC channel by endogenous weak acids. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue pH Sensing, Signaling, and Regulation in Cellular Processes)
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