Skin and Soft-Tissue Infections: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Opportunities

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409). This special issue belongs to the section "Cellular Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2020) | Viewed by 5733

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) can range from uncomplicated superficial infections at epithelial surfaces to more complex, necrotising infections in underlying tissues. Clinically, they can be difficult to classify, diagnose, and treat, problems that are compounded by the emergence of new infective organisms (e.g., Candida auris), anti-microbial resistance (AMR), and the formation of biofilms. For researchers, there are several other issues: the interactions between host and pathogen are difficult to model in the laboratory, with differences in anatomy and the immune response making animal models sometimes poor predictors of human infections; simple cell line models are suitable only for acute infections; and human tissue models can be difficult to obtain in a sufficient quantity for experimental purposes. Diagnosis of the infective agents can be problematic if the infection is deep-seated or takes the form of a biofilm with very low metabolic activity.

In this Special Issue, we aim to provide an open-access forum to address these issues, in the form of original research articles and reviews about SSTI and infections on other epithelial surfaces. The Special Issue is aimed at researchers using a wide range of tissue infection models, which may include animal models, ex vivo tissues, and reconstructed or engineered tissues, using physical, biochemical, and immunological techniques to study host–pathogen interactions, the microbiome, the role of predisposing factors (e.g., diabetes), inflammation, new drugs, and infection management techniques and diagnostics. We hope to stimulate new collaborations, therapeutic avenues, and technologies to advance our field and to expand the range of treatments available to clinicians.

Prof. Peter Monk
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • wounds
  • biofilms
  • antibiotics
  • skin and soft-tissue infections
  • inflammation

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

22 pages, 2888 KiB  
Review
Corneal Infection Models: Tools to Investigate the Role of Biofilms in Bacterial Keratitis
by Lucy Urwin, Katarzyna Okurowska, Grace Crowther, Sanhita Roy, Prashant Garg, Esther Karunakaran, Sheila MacNeil, Lynda J. Partridge, Luke R. Green and Peter N. Monk
Cells 2020, 9(11), 2450; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9112450 - 10 Nov 2020
Cited by 33 | Viewed by 5381
Abstract
Bacterial keratitis is a corneal infection which may cause visual impairment or even loss of the infected eye. It remains a major cause of blindness in the developing world. Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are common causative agents and these bacterial species are [...] Read more.
Bacterial keratitis is a corneal infection which may cause visual impairment or even loss of the infected eye. It remains a major cause of blindness in the developing world. Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are common causative agents and these bacterial species are known to colonise the corneal surface as biofilm populations. Biofilms are complex bacterial communities encased in an extracellular polymeric matrix and are notoriously difficult to eradicate once established. Biofilm bacteria exhibit different phenotypic characteristics from their planktonic counterparts, including an increased resistance to antibiotics and the host immune response. Therefore, understanding the role of biofilms will be essential in the development of new ophthalmic antimicrobials. A brief overview of biofilm-specific resistance mechanisms is provided, but this is a highly multifactorial and rapidly expanding field that warrants further research. Progression in this field is dependent on the development of suitable biofilm models that acknowledge the complexity of the ocular environment. Abiotic models of biofilm formation (where biofilms are studied on non-living surfaces) currently dominate the literature, but co-culture infection models are beginning to emerge. In vitro, ex vivo and in vivo corneal infection models have now been reported which use a variety of different experimental techniques and animal models. In this review, we will discuss existing corneal infection models and their application in the study of biofilms and host-pathogen interactions at the corneal surface. Full article
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