Role of KRAS in Colorectal Cancer

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409). This special issue belongs to the section "Cell Signaling".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2019) | Viewed by 5613

Special Issue Editors

CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), Department of Biology, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal
Interests: KRAS signaling pathway; autophagy; colorectal cancer (CRC); yeast model; molecular target
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Assistant Guest Editor
i3S/ IPATIMUP, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
Interests: oncogenic signaling; colorectal cancer; anti-tumor compounds or drugs

E-Mail Website
Assistant Guest Editor
1. i3S–Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
2. INEB–Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
3. Departament of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
Interests: tumor microenvironment; tumor immunology; colorectal cancer; radiotherapy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of mortality in Europe, and its global therapeutics market is worth billions of Euros. KRAS-activating mutations (KRASm): KRASG13D, KRASG12D and KRASG12V are among the most frequent events found in CRC. Metastatic CRC harboring KRAS mutations are generally resistant to chemotherapy, namely to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors. This is a relevant clinical problem that urges a resolution. Despite the billions of dollars spent by pharmaceutical companies, so far, inhibition of mutated RAS has not been achieved.

The study of the role of KRAS mutations on colon carcinogenesis, tumor microenvironment, cell survival, autophagy, glycolytic metabolism and invasion/metastization potential is an ever-growing field. A precise understanding of the mechanisms underlying KRAS in colorectal carcinogenesis might help in identifying new molecular targets to overcome the resistance in CRC harboring KRAS mutations.

This Special Issue aims to highlight the most recent advances on the role of KRAS mutations on colorectal carcinogenesis using different cellular models and on their possible therapeutic applications.

We look forward to your contributions.

Dr. Ana Preto
Guest Editor

Dr. Sérgia Velho
Dr. Maria José Oliveira
Assistant Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • KRAS mutations
  • colorectal cancer
  • autophagy
  • tumor microenvironment
  • invasion/ metastasis
  • glycolytic metabolism
  • cell models
  • therapeutic approaches

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

22 pages, 4171 KiB  
Article
Non-Redundant and Overlapping Oncogenic Readouts of Non-Canonical and Novel Colorectal Cancer KRAS and NRAS Mutants
by Krizelle Mae M. Alcantara, Joshua Reginald P. Malapit, Ryan Timothy D. Yu, Jose Antonio Ma. G. Garrido, John Paul T. Rigor, Arlou Kristina J. Angeles, Eva Maria Cutiongco-de la Paz and Reynaldo L. Garcia
Cells 2019, 8(12), 1557; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8121557 - 3 Dec 2019
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 5183
Abstract
RAS oncogene family members are molecular switches of signaling pathways that control cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, and survival. In colorectal cancer, Kirsten-RAS (KRAS) and neuroblastoma-RAS (NRAS) are the commonly mutated isoforms. Activating mutations in RAS result in cellular transformation independent of upregulated epidermal [...] Read more.
RAS oncogene family members are molecular switches of signaling pathways that control cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, and survival. In colorectal cancer, Kirsten-RAS (KRAS) and neuroblastoma-RAS (NRAS) are the commonly mutated isoforms. Activating mutations in RAS result in cellular transformation independent of upregulated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-initiated signaling. The present study characterized the functional consequences of non-canonical/novel KRAS and NRAS mutants identified in a targeted next-generation sequencing study of colorectal cancer specimens from Filipino patients. In vitro assays in NIH3T3 cells showed that similar to the canonical KRAS G12D mutant, overexpression of KRAS G12S, A59T, and Y137C, but not NRAS G12D and NRAS A11V, confer higher proliferation and migration rates. HCT116 cells transfected with the novel NRAS A11V and the canonical NRAS G12D, but not the KRAS mutants, display enhanced resistance to apoptosis. All four non-canonical/novel KRAS and NRAS mutants induce gross changes in F-actin cytoskeletal organization and cellular morphology of NIH3T3 cells. Only KRAS G12S and KRAS A59T appear to deregulate extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and its downstream target ETS transcription factor ELK1 (ELK1). Elucidation of differential effector engagement responsible for the variable phenotypic readouts of the mutants is warranted. If validated by mouse studies and clinical correlates, these can have wider implications in choosing treatment options. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of KRAS in Colorectal Cancer)
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