Insights That—unlike Serum Antibodies—Memory B Cells Can Provide

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409). This special issue belongs to the section "Cellular Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2024) | Viewed by 1125

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Guest Editor
1. CTL, Shaker Hts., OH 44122, USA
2. Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
Interests: HCMV; t cell
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Guest Editor
Research & Development, CTL, Shaker Hts., Cleveland, OH 44122, USA
Interests: B cells; flow cytometry; ELISPOT/FluoroSpot
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

For decades, measurements of serum antibodies have been accepted as sufficient in identifying whether an immune response against a pathogen or auto/tumor antigen has become engaged. The recent COVID-19 pandemic highlighted how unreliable this marker is; however, all immune diagnoses still rely on it. At present, we know that serum antibodies can be just a rapidly fading reflection of the recent past and that studies of long-living memory B cells will more reliably reveal the engagement of acquired host defense. Unlike serum antibodies that are prone to protecting only against the homotypic antigen variants (against which the past immune response has been induced), a major role of memory B cells is to enable anamnestic responses against related heterotypic antigen variants. Studies of memory B cell cross-reactivity are thus important for achieving a better understanding of immune protection. Affinities of memory B cells, for homo- and heterotypic antigens, will largely define the efficacy of secondary antibody responses. Therefore, fundamental insights into host defense could be gained by studying memory B cells; however, technical limitations in detecting rare antigen-specific memory B cells prevent rapid progress. This Special Issue invites pioneering technological and conceptual contributions to this field. Submissions that demonstrate the presence of B cell memory in the absence of detectable serum antibodies, drawing attention to the need to include memory B cells in the immune monitoring repertoire, are encouraged.

Dr. Paul V. Lehmann
Dr. Greg A. Kirchenbaum
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • B cell
  • memory B cells
  • ELISPOT
  • FluoroSpot
  • ImmunoSpot
  • antigen labeling
  • limiting dilution analysis
  • B cell cross-reactivity
  • B cell affinity
  • B cell affinity maturation
  • B cell immunity
  • serum antibodies
  • immune memory
  • infectious diseases
  • autoimmune diseases
  • cancer immunotherapy

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

11 pages, 2015 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Virus-Specific B Cell Epitopes Reveals Extensive Antigen Degradation Prior to Recognition
by Alvaro Ras-Carmona and Pedro A. Reche
Cells 2024, 13(13), 1076; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13131076 - 21 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 733
Abstract
B cell epitopes must be visible for recognition by cognate B cells and/or antibodies. Here, we studied that premise for known linear B cell epitopes that were collected from the Immune Epitope Database as being recognized by humans during microbial infections. We found [...] Read more.
B cell epitopes must be visible for recognition by cognate B cells and/or antibodies. Here, we studied that premise for known linear B cell epitopes that were collected from the Immune Epitope Database as being recognized by humans during microbial infections. We found that the majority of such known B cell epitopes are virus-specific linear B cell epitopes (87.96%), and most are located in antigens that remain enclosed in host cells and/or virus particles, preventing antibody recognition (18,832 out of 29,225 epitopes). Moreover, we estimated that only a minority (32.72%) of the virus-specific linear B cell epitopes that are found in exposed viral regions (e.g., the ectodomains of envelope proteins) are solvent accessible on intact antigens. Hence, we conclude that ample degradation/processing of viral particles and/or infected cells must occur prior to B cell recognition, thus shaping the B cell epitope repertoire. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Insights That—unlike Serum Antibodies—Memory B Cells Can Provide)
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