Extracellular Vesicles in Tissue Repair and Regeneration

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409). This special issue belongs to the section "Tissues and Organs".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2024) | Viewed by 3511

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Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
Interests: stem cells; regenerative medicine
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can contain DNA, RNA, proteins and metabolic molecules. The administration of (stem) cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) promotes tissue repair through the management of different inflammatory, proliferative and remodeling processes in the body. EVs are biological nanoparticles naturally secreted by cells, acting as delivery vehicles for molecular messages. EVs have been reported in tissue repair as mediators of cell proliferation and differentiation. EVs play important roles in promoting in vivo tissue repair by maintaining tissue homeostasis and modulating several physiological pathways. Tissue regeneration by stem cells is driven by the paracrine activity of shedding vesicles and exosomes. EVs from stem cells have shown significant therapeutic potential to repair injured tissues and regulate pathological processes. Tissue repair and regeneration require communication between multiple different cell types including immune cells, fibroblasts and endothelial cells by exosomes.

Dr. Mujib Ullah
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • stem cells
  • extracellular vesicles
  • exosomes
  • regeneration
  • tissue repair
  • cell signaling

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 5113 KiB  
Article
Extracellular Vesicle Transplantation Is Beneficial for Acute Kidney Injury
by Amankeldi A. Salybekov, Shigeaki Okamura, Takayasu Ohtake, Sumi Hidaka, Takayuki Asahara and Shuzo Kobayashi
Cells 2024, 13(16), 1335; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13161335 - 12 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1518
Abstract
Under vasculogenic conditioning, certain pro-inflammatory subsets within peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) undergo phenotypic transformation into pro-regenerative types, such as vasculogenic endothelial progenitor cells, M2 macrophages, and regulatory T cells. These transformed cells are collectively termed regeneration-associated cells (RACs). In this study, we [...] Read more.
Under vasculogenic conditioning, certain pro-inflammatory subsets within peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) undergo phenotypic transformation into pro-regenerative types, such as vasculogenic endothelial progenitor cells, M2 macrophages, and regulatory T cells. These transformed cells are collectively termed regeneration-associated cells (RACs). In this study, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of RAC-derived extracellular vesicles (RACev) compared with a vehicle-treated group in the context of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (R-IRI). Human PBMCs were cultured with defined growth factor cocktails for seven days to harvest RACs. EV quantity and size were characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis. Notably, the systemic injection of RACev significantly decreased serum creatinine and blood urine nitrogen at day three compared to the control group. Histologically, the treatment group showed less fibrosis in the cortex and medullary areas (p < 0.04 and p < 0.01) compared to the control group. The CD31 staining confirmed enhanced capillary densities in the treatment group compared to the control group (p < 0.003). These beneficial effects were accompanied by angiogenesis, anti-fibrosis, anti-inflammation, and anti-apoptosis RACev miR delivery to ischemic injury to control inflammatory, endothelial mesenchymal transition, and hypoxia pathways. In vivo bioluminescence analysis demonstrated a preferential accumulation of RACev in the IR-injured kidney. The systemic transplantation of RACev beneficially restored kidney function by protecting from tissue fibrosis and through anti-inflammation, angiogenesis, and anti-apoptosis miR delivery to the ischemic tissue. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extracellular Vesicles in Tissue Repair and Regeneration)
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Review

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22 pages, 1943 KiB  
Review
Small Extracellular Vesicles and Oral Mucosa: The Power Couple in Regenerative Therapies?
by Blanka Maria Borowiec, Marta Dyszkiewicz-Konwińska, Dorota Bukowska, Michał Nowicki and Joanna Budna-Tukan
Cells 2024, 13(18), 1514; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13181514 - 10 Sep 2024
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Abstract
Although ongoing debates persist over the scope of phenomena classified as regenerative processes, the most up-to-date definition of regeneration is the replacement or restoration of damaged or missing cells, tissues, organs, or body parts to full functionality. Despite extensive research on this topic, [...] Read more.
Although ongoing debates persist over the scope of phenomena classified as regenerative processes, the most up-to-date definition of regeneration is the replacement or restoration of damaged or missing cells, tissues, organs, or body parts to full functionality. Despite extensive research on this topic, new methods in regenerative medicine are continually sought, and existing ones are being improved. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have gained attention for their regenerative potential, as evidenced by existing studies conducted by independent research groups. Of particular interest are sEVs derived from the oral mucosa, a tissue renowned for its rapid regeneration and minimal scarring. While the individual regenerative potential of both sEVs and the oral mucosa is somewhat understood, the combined potential of sEVs derived from the oral mucosa has not been sufficiently explored and highlighted in the existing literature. Serving as a broad compendium, it aims to provide scientists with essential and detailed information on this subject, including the nature of the materials employed, isolation and analysis methodologies, and clinical applications. The content of this survey aims to facilitate the comparison of diverse methods for working with sEVs derived from the oral mucosa, aiding in the planning of research endeavors and identifying potential research gaps. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extracellular Vesicles in Tissue Repair and Regeneration)
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