Novel Therapeutic Strategies to Improve Mitochondrial Function in Neurodegenerative Diseases

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409). This special issue belongs to the section "Cellular Aging".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 January 2026 | Viewed by 941

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
Interests: mitochondrial dynamics; endoplasmic reticulum; lipids; cytoskeleton; neurons; neurodegenerative diseases; biomarkers; imaging; aging; innovative therapies

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Mitochondria have long been known as the powerhouse of the cell; however, recent discoveries have revealed a far more dramatic reality. Mitochondria act as a platform for various cellular signaling cascades, including the metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates, calcium homeostasis, inflammation, hormone and steroid synthesis, and the regulation of cell death. Moreover, mitochondria coordinate cycles of fission and fusion, and they move along the cell to allow compensatory changes under stress conditions. Mitochondria do not exist in isolation. Rather, they associate and communicate with each other and other organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum, plasma membrane, the nucleus, the Golgi apparatus, endosomes, peroxisomes, and even lipid droplets, to maintain biochemical homeostasis. Over the past decade, it has become clear that defects in mitochondrial function contribute to the development of many neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, the determination of novel therapeutic strategies that mitigate mitochondrial dysfunction in is crucial.

This Special Issue welcomes the submission of original research articles, reviews, and perspectives that focus on the ability of therapeutic strategies to improve mitochondrial health in the context of neurodegenerative diseases. The scope of this Special Issue includes, but is not limited to, the following topics:

  • The identification and characterization of novel molecular targets/pathways.
  • Pharmacological agents and small molecules designed to improve mitochondrial function.
  • The potential application of mitochondrial transplantation and cell-based therapies.

Dr. Patricia Morcillo
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • mitochondria
  • cellular signaling
  • neurodegenerative diseases
  • mitochondrial dynamics
  • organelles
  • neurological diseases
  • therapies
  • biomarkers

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

23 pages, 19687 KiB  
Article
Intranasal Mitochondrial Transplantation Restores Mitochondrial Function and Modulates Glial–Neuronal Interactions in a Genetic Parkinson’s Disease Model of UQCRC1 Mutation
by Jui-Chih Chang, Chin-Hsien Lin, Cheng-Yi Yeh, Mei-Fang Cheng, Yi-Chieh Chen, Chi-Han Wu, Hui-Ju Chang and Chin-San Liu
Cells 2025, 14(15), 1148; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells14151148 - 25 Jul 2025
Viewed by 790
Abstract
The intranasal delivery of exogenous mitochondria is a potential therapy for Parkinson’s disease (PD). The regulatory mechanisms and effectiveness in genetic models remains uncertain, as well as the impact of modulating the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) in grafts. Utilizing UQCRC1 (p.Tyr314Ser) knock-in [...] Read more.
The intranasal delivery of exogenous mitochondria is a potential therapy for Parkinson’s disease (PD). The regulatory mechanisms and effectiveness in genetic models remains uncertain, as well as the impact of modulating the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) in grafts. Utilizing UQCRC1 (p.Tyr314Ser) knock-in mice, and a cellular model, this study validated the transplantation of mitochondria with or without cyclosporin A (CsA) preloading as a method to treat mitochondrial dysfunction and improve disease progression through intranasal delivery. Liver-derived mitochondria were labeled with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), incubated with CsA to inhibit mPTP opening, and were administered weekly via the nasal route to 6-month-old mice for six months. Both treatment groups showed significant locomotor improvements in open-field tests. PET imaging showed increased striatal tracer uptake, indicating enhanced dopamine synthesis capacity. The immunohistochemical analysis revealed increased neuron survival in the dentate gyrus, a higher number of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) and striatum (ST), and a thicker granule cell layer. In SN neurons, the function of mitochondrial complex III was reinstated. Additionally, the CsA-accumulated mitochondria reduced more proinflammatory cytokine levels, yet their therapeutic effectiveness was similar to that of unmodified mitochondria. External mitochondria were detected in multiple brain areas through BrdU tracking, showing a 3.6-fold increase in the ST compared to the SN. In the ST, about 47% of TH-positive neurons incorporated exogenous mitochondria compared to 8% in the SN. Notably, GFAP-labeled striatal astrocytes (ASTs) also displayed external mitochondria, while MBP-labeled striatal oligodendrocytes (OLs) did not. On the other hand, fewer ASTs and increased OLs were noted, along with lower S100β levels, indicating reduced reactive gliosis and a more supportive environment for OLs. Intranasally, mitochondrial transplantation showed neuroprotective effects in genetic PD, validating a noninvasive therapeutic approach. This supports mitochondrial recovery and is linked to anti-inflammatory responses and glial modulation. Full article
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