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The Unseen Burden: Incidence and Outcomes of Infections in Leukemia

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Infectious Agents and Cancer".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2026 | Viewed by 939

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Hematology Unit, Department of Biomedicina and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy
Interests: acute myeloid leukemia; acute lymphoblastic leukemia; infections; hematologic diseases

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Hematology Unit, Department of Biomedicina and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy
Interests: acute lymphoblastic leukemia; acute myeloid leukemia; flow cytometry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Infections remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with acute leukemia, profoundly impacting treatment outcomes and quality of life. Clinicians face a formidable challenge as they navigate the evolving landscape of new target therapeutic strategies, which is complicated by the rise of multidrug-resistant pathogens.

This Special Issue aims to provide a comprehensive and timely overview of the complex landscape of infectious complications in patients with acute leukemia. We aim to explore key areas, from a deeper understanding of the host–microbe interactions that shape infection risk to the impact of new therapeutic regimens on immune homeostasis and infection risk. We also hope to expand scientific knowledge about advances in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, offering critical insights to optimize patient management and improve survival. This collection serves as a vital resource for hematologists and infectious disease specialists, highlighting the persistent threat of infections and guiding the way toward a safer, more effective approach to leukemia care.

Dr. Elisa Buzzatti
Dr. Maria Ilaria Del Principe
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • infection management
  • infectious risk
  • antimicrobial therapy
  • antimicrobial prophylaxis

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

12 pages, 247 KB  
Article
Incidence and Characteristics of Perianal Infections in CPX-351-Treated AML Patients
by Elisa Buzzatti, Cristina Mauro, Cristiano Tesei, Giovangiacinto Paterno, Raffaele Palmieri, Fabiana Esposito, Elisa Meddi, Federico Moretti, Marco Zomparelli, Lucia Cardillo, Carmelo Gurnari, Luca Maurillo, Francesco Buccisano, Adriano Venditti and Maria Ilaria Del Principe
Cancers 2026, 18(2), 208; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers18020208 - 9 Jan 2026
Viewed by 707
Abstract
Background: Perianal infections (PIs) are a serious threat in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). While CPX-351 is designed to reduce gastrointestinal toxicity, its impact on the incidence of PIs is unknown. This study aims to evaluate the incidence and characteristics of PIs [...] Read more.
Background: Perianal infections (PIs) are a serious threat in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). While CPX-351 is designed to reduce gastrointestinal toxicity, its impact on the incidence of PIs is unknown. This study aims to evaluate the incidence and characteristics of PIs in a cohort of CPX-351-treated AML patients. Methods: We enrolled 22 adult patients diagnosed with secondary AML receiving CPX-351 between May 2020 and July 2025 at Policlinico Tor Vergata Hospital. Statistical analysis used descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis. Results: The incidence of PIs in the cohort was 31.8%. Microbiological cultures from the lesions commonly yielded Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterococcus species. The development of a PI was associated with a significantly longer hospital stay (mean, 49.6 vs. 37.7 days; p = 0.034). An increased odds ratio of having PIs was noted for mucositis and positive rectal swabs (17.961, p = 0.062; 5.554, p = 0.391, respectively), with two patients (28.5%) having a positive pre-infection swab for Klebsiella pneumoniae. Surgical intervention was guided by patient pain levels and hematological criteria. Surgical patients had significantly higher pain levels (p = 0.001) and a platelet count greater than 20 × 109/L (p = 0.028). All patients were alive at 30 days, with low rates of septic shock (14.2%, n = 1) and no infection-related mortality or recurrence. Conclusions: Despite CPX-351’s known reduced gastrointestinal toxicity, our study showed a significantly higher incidence of PIs compared to literature data. While the outcomes were favorable, PIs led to prolonged hospitalization. Routine rectal swab surveillance could be a valuable tool for risk stratification and preemptive strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Unseen Burden: Incidence and Outcomes of Infections in Leukemia)
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