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Cancers
Special Issues
New Approaches in Leukemia
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New Approaches in Leukemia

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Biomarkers".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2025) | Viewed by 5589

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Harinder Gill

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Guest Editor
Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Interests: acute myeloid leukemia (AML); acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL); myelodysplastic neoplasm (MDS); myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN)
Dr. Naveen Pemmaraju

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
Interests: myeloid malignancies; blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN)
Dr. Hsin-An Hou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Interests: acute myeloid leukemia; myelodysplastic neoplasm (MDS); myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN)
Dr. Melissa Gaik Ming Ooi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
Interests: plasma cell dyscrasias; acute leukemia; myelodysplastic neoplasm (MDS)

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The current era in personalized and genomic medicine has seen significant advances in the diagnosis, risk stratification and management of acute and chronic leukemias.

We are pleased to invite you to contribute to this Special Issue entitled “New Approaches in Leukemia”.

This Special Issue aims to explore the latest advances and understanding in the classification, pathogenesis and treatment of acute myeloid leukemia, acute promyelocytic leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN), myelodysplastic neoplasm (MDS), myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).

Original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

  1. Disease classification;
  2. Prognostic factors;
  3. Pathogenesis;
  4. Measurable residual disease (MRD);
  5. Biomarkers of treatment response;
  6. Treatment.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Harinder Gill
Dr. Naveen Pemmaraju
Dr. Hsin-An Hou
Dr. Melissa Gaik Ming Ooi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cancers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • acute myeloid leukemia
  • acute promyelocytic leukemia
  • acute lymphoblastic leukemia
  • blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN)
  • myelodysplastic neoplasm (MDS)
  • myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN)
  • chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)
  • chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 1580 KiB  
Article
Conventional PCR Versus Next Generation Sequencing for Diagnosis of FLT3, IDH and NPM1 Mutations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Results of the PETHEMA PCR-LMA Study
by Blanca Boluda, Rebeca Rodriguez-Veiga, Claudia Sargas, Rosa Ayala, María J. Larráyoz, María Carmen Chillón, Elena Soria-Saldise, Cristina Bilbao, Esther Prados de la Torre, Irene Navarro, David Martinez-Cuadron, Cristina Gil, Teresa Bernal, Juan Bergua, Lorenzo Algarra, Mar Tormo, Pilar Martínez-Sanchez, Estrella Carrillo-Cruz, Josefina Serrano, Juan M. Alonso-Domínguez, Raimundo García, Maria Luz Amigo, Pilar Herrera-Puente, María J. Sayas, Esperanza Lavilla-Rubira, María José García-Pérez, Julia Morán, Esther Pérez-Santaolalla, Natalia Alonso-Vence, Ana Oliva, Juan Antonio López, Manuel Barrios, María García-Fortes, María Teresa Olave, Jorge Labrador, Joaquín Martínez-López, María J. Calasanz, Ramón García-Sanz, José A. Pérez-Simón, María T. Gómez-Casares, Joaquín Sánchez-Garcia, Yolanda Mendizabal, Eva Barragán and Pau Montesinosadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Cancers 2025, 17(5), 854; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17050854 - 1 Mar 2025
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: This PETHEMA PCR-LMA study aimed to evaluate whether mutations detected by NGS (VAF cut-off of ≥5%) correlate with NPM1, FLT3-ITD, FLT3-TKD, IDH1, and IDH2 mutations detected using conventional PCR (analytical sensitivity 3%) in a nationwide network of seven reference laboratories. Methods: Between [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: This PETHEMA PCR-LMA study aimed to evaluate whether mutations detected by NGS (VAF cut-off of ≥5%) correlate with NPM1, FLT3-ITD, FLT3-TKD, IDH1, and IDH2 mutations detected using conventional PCR (analytical sensitivity 3%) in a nationwide network of seven reference laboratories. Methods: Between 2019 and 2021, 1685 adult AML patients with at least one centralized sample (NGS or PCR) at primary diagnosis or relapse/refractory episode were included. Results: During this period, 1288 paired NGS/PCR samples (1094 at diagnosis, 103 at relapse and 88 at refractoriness) were analyzed. Considering PCR the gold-standard, for NPM1 NGS sensitivity was 98.5% and specificity 98.9%, for FLT3-ITD 73.8% and 99.6%, for FLT3-TKD 84.5% and 99.3%, for IDH1 98.7% and 98.7%, and for IDH2 99.1% and 97.7%, respectively. Overall concordance rate of positive results between NGS (and PCR was 95% (262/276) for NPM1, 72% (149/206) for FLT3-ITD, 74% (49/66) for FLT3-TKD, 87% (77/89) for IDH1 and 84% (107/127) for IDH2. Overall, median days from sample reception until report were 7 for PCR and 28 for NGS. Conclusions: This study shows high concordance between NPM1 and IDH results using PCR and NGS. However, sensible important discrepancies are observed for FLT3 mutations. In our context, rapid screening for these druggable mutations should be performed by conventional PCR. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Approaches in Leukemia)
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13 pages, 2176 KiB  
Article
Asciminib Maintains Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity against Leukemic Blasts
by Samuel J. Holzmayer, Joseph Kauer, Jonas Mauermann, Tobias Roider and Melanie Märklin
Cancers 2024, 16(7), 1288; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16071288 - 26 Mar 2024
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Abstract
B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is characterized by an accumulation of malignant precursor cells. Treatment consists of multiagent chemotherapy followed by allogeneic stem cell transplantation in high-risk patients. In addition, patients bearing the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene receive concomitant tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) [...] Read more.
B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is characterized by an accumulation of malignant precursor cells. Treatment consists of multiagent chemotherapy followed by allogeneic stem cell transplantation in high-risk patients. In addition, patients bearing the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene receive concomitant tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy. On the other hand, monoclonal antibody therapy is increasingly used in both clinical trials and real-world settings. The introduction of rituximab has improved the outcomes in CD20 positive cases. Other monoclonal antibodies, such as tafasitamab (anti-CD19), obinutuzumab (anti-CD20) and epratuzumab (anti-CD22) have been tested in trials (NCT05366218, NCT04920968, NCT00098839). The efficacy of monoclonal antibodies is based, at least in part, on their ability to induce antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Combination treatments, e.g., chemotherapy and TKI, should therefore be screened for potential interference with ADCC. Here, we report on in vitro data using BCR-ABL1 positive and negative B-ALL cell lines treated with rituximab and TKI. NK cell activation, proliferation, degranulation, cytokine release and tumor cell lysis were analyzed. In contrast to ATP site inhibitors such as dasatinib and ponatinib, the novel first-in-class selective allosteric ABL myristoyl pocket (STAMP) inhibitor asciminib did not significantly impact ADCC in our settings. Our results suggest that asciminib should be considered in clinical trials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Approaches in Leukemia)
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Review

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20 pages, 1018 KiB  
Review
Implications of Clonal Hematopoiesis in Hematological and Non-Hematological Disorders
by Qi Zhang, Rita Yim, Paul Lee, Lynn Chin, Vivian Li and Harinder Gill
Cancers 2024, 16(23), 4118; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16234118 - 9 Dec 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1928
Abstract
Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) is associated with an increased risk of developing myeloid neoplasms (MNs) such as myelodysplastic neoplasm (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In general, CH comprises clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) and clonal cytopenia of undetermined significance (CCUS). It is [...] Read more.
Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) is associated with an increased risk of developing myeloid neoplasms (MNs) such as myelodysplastic neoplasm (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In general, CH comprises clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) and clonal cytopenia of undetermined significance (CCUS). It is an age-related phenomenon characterized by the presence of somatic mutations in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) that acquire a fitness advantage under selection pressure. Individuals with CHIP have an absolute risk of 0.5–1.0% per year for progressing to MDS or AML. Inflammation, smoking, cytotoxic therapy, and radiation can promote the process of clonal expansion and leukemic transformation. Of note, exposure to chemotherapy or radiation for patients with solid tumors or lymphomas can increase the risk of therapy-related MN. Beyond hematological malignancies, CH also serves as an independent risk factor for heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and chronic kidney disease. Prognostic models such as the CH risk score and MN-prediction models can provide a framework for risk stratification and clinical management of CHIP/CCUS and identify high-risk individuals who may benefit from close surveillance. For CH or related disorders, therapeutic strategies targeting specific CH-associated mutations and specific selection pressure may have a potential role in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Approaches in Leukemia)
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