Application of Artificial Intelligence-Based Approaches in Cancer Diagnosis, Treatment and Prognosis

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Methods and Technologies Development".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2025 | Viewed by 4531

Special Issue Editor

Department of Medicine, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
Interests: cancer genomics; computational biology; deep learning in cancer research; long non-coding RNA; drug resistance; single cell; spatial transcriptomics
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have revolutionized various sectors and are rapidly reshaping cancer research and personalized clinical care. Big data and our powerful computing capacity have led to the transformative potential of AI-based approaches, particularly deep learning and generative AI, in the field of oncology, specifically in cancer diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. These applications have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in early detection and accurate diagnosis, optimizing cancer treatment protocols, predicting disease progression, recurrence, and patient survival, and in drug discovery, repurposing, and combination therapy strategies. We expect that the integration of AI technologies in cancer care will enhance the precision, efficiency, and personalization of patient management, ultimately improving clinical outcomes and quality of life for cancer patients.

This Special Issue invites research that explores the development and application of AI-based diagnostic tools, including imaging analysis, histopathological evaluations, and biomarker identification. Contributions that delve into AI-assisted treatment planning, including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, are sought. Research on AI models that predict treatment responses, suggest personalized therapy regimens, and manage treatment-related side effects are of particular interest. Generative AI approaches that can accelerate the identification of de novo anticancer compounds, simulate drug interactions, and predict novel therapeutic compounds hold significant promise in this area. We also seek contributions on multimodal AI algorithms that integrate digital pathology, radiology, genomics, and electronic medical records to generate comprehensive prognostic insights, facilitate patient monitoring, follow-up care, and long-term outcome predictions.

Additionally, we invite discussions on the ethical, legal, and practical implications of deploying AI in cancer care. Submissions that address data privacy, algorithmic bias, and the integration of AI with existing clinical workflows are highly valued.

This Special Issue aspires to present a diverse collection of pioneering research that showcases the transformative impact of AI, particularly generative AI and deep learning, in oncology, fostering innovation and collaboration among researchers, clinicians, and technologists in the fight against cancer

I look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Wei Wu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cancers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

  • cancer genomics
  • artificial intelligence
  • machine learning
  • deep learning
  • tumor microenvironment
  • graph-based convolutional neural network
  • computational cancer biology

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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14 pages, 2889 KB  
Article
Ensuring Reproducibility and Deploying Models with the Image2Radiomics Framework: An Evaluation of Image Processing on PanNET Model Performance
by Florent Tixier, Felipe Lopez-Ramirez, Emir A. Syailendra, Alejandra Blanco, Ammar A. Javed, Linda C. Chu, Satomi Kawamoto and Elliot K. Fishman
Cancers 2025, 17(15), 2552; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17152552 - 1 Aug 2025
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: To evaluate the importance of image processing in a previously validated model for detecting pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) and to introduce Image2Radiomics, a new framework that ensures reproducibility of the image processing pipeline and facilitates the deployment of radiomics models. Methods: A [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: To evaluate the importance of image processing in a previously validated model for detecting pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) and to introduce Image2Radiomics, a new framework that ensures reproducibility of the image processing pipeline and facilitates the deployment of radiomics models. Methods: A previously validated model for identifying PanNETs from CT images served as the reference. Radiomics features were re-extracted using Image2Radiomics and compared to those from the original model using performance metrics. The impact of nine alterations to the image processing pipeline was evaluated. Prediction discrepancies were quantified using the mean ± SD of absolute differences in PanNET probability and the percentage of classification disagreement. Results: The reference model was successfully replicated with Image2Radiomics, achieving a Cohen’s kappa coefficient of 1. Alterations to the image processing pipeline led to reductions in model performance, with AUC dropping from 0.87 to 0.71 when image windowing was removed. Prediction disagreements were observed in up to 45% of patients. Even minor changes, such as switching the library used for spatial resampling, resulted in up to 21% disagreement. Conclusions: Reproducing image processing pipelines remains challenging and limits the clinical deployment of radiomics models. While this study is limited to one model and imaging modality, the findings underscore a common risk in radiomics reproducibility. The Image2Radiomics framework addresses this issue by allowing researchers to define and share complete processing pipelines in a standardized way, improving reproducibility and facilitating model deployment in clinical and multicenter settings. Full article
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21 pages, 1245 KB  
Perspective
Artificial Intelligence–Driven Computational Approaches in the Development of Anticancer Drugs
by Pankaj Garg, Gargi Singhal, Prakash Kulkarni, David Horne, Ravi Salgia and Sharad S. Singhal
Cancers 2024, 16(22), 3884; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16223884 - 20 Nov 2024
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3646
Abstract
The integration of AI has revolutionized cancer drug development, transforming the landscape of drug discovery through sophisticated computational techniques. AI-powered models and algorithms have enhanced computer-aided drug design (CADD), offering unprecedented precision in identifying potential anticancer compounds. Traditionally, cancer drug design has been [...] Read more.
The integration of AI has revolutionized cancer drug development, transforming the landscape of drug discovery through sophisticated computational techniques. AI-powered models and algorithms have enhanced computer-aided drug design (CADD), offering unprecedented precision in identifying potential anticancer compounds. Traditionally, cancer drug design has been a complex, resource-intensive process, but AI introduces new opportunities to accelerate discovery, reduce costs, and optimize efficiency. This manuscript delves into the transformative applications of AI-driven methodologies in predicting and developing anticancer drugs, critically evaluating their potential to reshape the future of cancer therapeutics while addressing their challenges and limitations. Full article
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