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Microbiome in Cancer: Role in Carcinogenesis and Impact in Therapeutic Strategies-Volume II

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Infectious Agents and Cancer".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2024) | Viewed by 7586

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
1. i3S–Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
2. Ipatimup–Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Interests: microbiome; metagenomics; metabolomics; gastric cancer
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, due to the significant advances in next-generation sequencing technologies, our knowledge on the vast collection of microorganisms that lives in close association with humans has increased exponentially. Several lines of evidence suggest that microbial imbalance is associated with the development of cancer. Fine examples of this link can be observed for tissues routinely exposed to microorganisms, namely, those in the colon and stomach. On the other hand, compelling evidence now suggests that the microbiome can influence responses to anti-tumoral therapeutics. For example, the gut microbiome signatures of patients who respond to immunotherapy are associated with enhanced systemic immunity and increased intratumoral immune infiltration. Moreover, microbial communities within the tumour microenvironment can also contribute to the efficacy of other anti-cancer therapies and affect treatment-associated toxicity. Based on this knowledge, the microbiome has garnered interest as a cancer biomarker, but also as a target in the treatment of cancer. 

This Special Issue aims to focus on the impact of the microbiome on cancer development and on the emerging role of microbial communities in the success of anti-cancer therapy.

Dr. Rui Ferreira
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • microbiome
  • dysbiosis
  • microbes
  • microbiome as cancer biomarkers
  • cancer
  • cancer immune therapy
  • cancer chemotherapy

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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22 pages, 5303 KiB  
Article
Microbial-Related Metabolites May Be Involved in Eight Major Biological Processes and Represent Potential Diagnostic Markers in Gastric Cancer
by Siru Nie, Ang Wang, Xiaohui Chen, Yuehua Gong and Yuan Yuan
Cancers 2023, 15(21), 5271; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15215271 - 3 Nov 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1579
Abstract
Metabolites associated with microbes regulate human immunity, inhibit bacterial colonization, and promote pathogenicity. Integrating microbe and metabolome research in GC provides a direction for understanding the microbe-associated pathophysiological process of metabolic changes and disease occurrence. The present study included 30 GC patients with [...] Read more.
Metabolites associated with microbes regulate human immunity, inhibit bacterial colonization, and promote pathogenicity. Integrating microbe and metabolome research in GC provides a direction for understanding the microbe-associated pathophysiological process of metabolic changes and disease occurrence. The present study included 30 GC patients with 30 cancerous tissues and paired non-cancerous tissues (NCs) as controls. LC-MS/MS metabolomics and 16S rRNA sequencing were performed to obtain the metabolic and microbial characteristics. Integrated analysis of the microbes and metabolomes was conducted to explore the coexistence relationship between the microbial and metabolic characteristics of GC and to identify microbial-related metabolite diagnostic markers. The metabolic analysis showed that the overall metabolite distribution differed between the GC tissues and the NC tissues: 25 metabolites were enriched in the NC tissues and 42 metabolites were enriched in the GC tissues. The α and β microbial diversities were higher in the GC tissues than in the NC tissues, with 11 differential phyla and 52 differential genera. In the correlation and coexistence integrated analysis, 66 differential metabolites were correlated and coexisted, with specific differential microbes. The microbes in the GC tissue likely regulated eight metabolic pathways. In the efficacy evaluation of the microbial-related differential metabolites in the diagnosis of GC, 12 differential metabolites (area under the curve [AUC] >0.9) exerted relatively high diagnostic efficiency, and the combined diagnostic efficacy of 5 to 6 microbial-related differential metabolites was higher than the diagnostic efficacy of a single feature. Therefore, microbial diversity and metabolite distribution differed between the GC tissues and the NC tissues. Microbial-related metabolites may be involved in eight major metabolism-based biological processes in GC and represent potential diagnostic markers. Full article
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Review

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21 pages, 393 KiB  
Review
Respiratory Tract Oncobiome in Lung Carcinogenesis: Where Are We Now?
by Karolina H. Czarnecka-Chrebelska, Jacek Kordiak, Ewa Brzeziańska-Lasota and Dorota Pastuszak-Lewandoska
Cancers 2023, 15(20), 4935; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15204935 - 11 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1964
Abstract
The importance of microbiota in developing and treating diseases, including lung cancer (LC), is becoming increasingly recognized. Studies have shown differences in microorganism populations in the upper and lower respiratory tracts of patients with lung cancer compared to healthy individuals, indicating a link [...] Read more.
The importance of microbiota in developing and treating diseases, including lung cancer (LC), is becoming increasingly recognized. Studies have shown differences in microorganism populations in the upper and lower respiratory tracts of patients with lung cancer compared to healthy individuals, indicating a link between dysbiosis and lung cancer. However, it is not only important to identify “which bacteria are present” but also to understand “how” they affect lung carcinogenesis. The interactions between the host and lung microbiota are complex, and our knowledge of this relationship is limited. This review presents research findings on the bacterial lung microbiota and discusses the mechanisms by which lung-dwelling microorganisms may directly or indirectly contribute to the development of lung cancer. These mechanisms include influences on the host immune system regulation and the local immune microenvironment, the regulation of oncogenic signaling pathways in epithelial cells (causing cell cycle disorders, mutagenesis, and DNA damage), and lastly, the MAMPs-mediated path involving the effects of bacteriocins, TLRs signaling induction, and TNF release. A better understanding of lung microbiota’s role in lung tumor pathology could lead to identifying new diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers and developing personalized therapeutic management for lung cancer patients. Full article
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15 pages, 311 KiB  
Review
The Role of the Microbiota in Esophageal Cancer
by Clara Moreira, Ceu Figueiredo and Rui Manuel Ferreira
Cancers 2023, 15(9), 2576; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15092576 - 30 Apr 2023
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3471
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is a major health problem, being the seventh most incidence cancer worldwide. Due to the often-late diagnosis and lack of efficient treatments, the overall 5-year survival is as low as 10%. Therefore, understanding the etiology and the mechanisms that drive the [...] Read more.
Esophageal cancer is a major health problem, being the seventh most incidence cancer worldwide. Due to the often-late diagnosis and lack of efficient treatments, the overall 5-year survival is as low as 10%. Therefore, understanding the etiology and the mechanisms that drive the development of this type of cancer could improve the management of patients, increasing the chance of achieving a better clinical outcome. Recently, the microbiome has been studied as a putative etiological factor for esophageal cancer. Nevertheless, the number of studies tackling this issue is low, and the heterogeneity in the study design and data analysis has hindered consistent findings. In this work, we reviewed the current literature on the evaluation of the role of microbiota in the development of esophageal cancer. We analyzed the composition of the normal microbiota and the alterations found in precursor lesions, namely Barrett’s esophagus and dysplasia, as well as in esophageal cancer. Additionally, we explored how other environmental factors can modify microbiota and contribute to the development of this neoplasia. Finally, we identify critical aspects to be improved in future studies, with the aim of refining the interpretation of the relationship between the microbiome and esophageal cancer. Full article
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