Thyroid Cancer: New Advances from Diagnosis to Therapy: 2nd Edition

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Causes, Screening and Diagnosis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 November 2025 | Viewed by 1452

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Guest Editor
Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
Interests: thyroid cancer; thyroid nodules
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. In recent years, the incidence of thyroid cancer risen in many countries. It is expected that the disease will become the fourth leading cancer in the world. However, the rise in incidence appears to at least in part be attributable to the increasing use of diagnostic imaging, which has led to the enhanced detection and diagnosis of subclinical thyroid cancer, as well as environmental factors.

Mortality is low in this tumor entity; however, it is still rising in some countries in spite of the advances in diagnosis and treatment in recent years. Therefore, there is certainly a need to improve diagnostic procedures and also treatment in order to minimize treatment in indolent tumors and intensify therapy in others. Our Special Issue seeks to publish research papers on various aspects of thyroid cancer, including diagnosis, prognosis, and current treatment options.

Prof. Dr. Michael Kreißl
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • thyroid scintigraphy
  • thyroid nodules
  • thyroid cancer
  • multikinase inhibitors
  • precision oncology
  • radioiodine

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 1167 KiB  
Article
Body Mass Index and Sporadic Medullary Thyroid Cancer: Insights from a Large Series
by Alessandro Prete, Carla Gambale, Valeria Bottici, Virginia Cappagli, Giacomo Aringhieri, Marco Puccini, Stefano Landi, Liborio Torregrossa, Ferruccio Santini, Antonio Matrone and Rossella Elisei
Cancers 2025, 17(6), 950; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17060950 - 11 Mar 2025
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Abstract
Background: Excess adipose tissue has been associated with the increased prevalence and aggressiveness of many human cancers. While its role in differentiated thyroid cancer is well established, in medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), data are conflicting. We aimed to evaluate the impact of [...] Read more.
Background: Excess adipose tissue has been associated with the increased prevalence and aggressiveness of many human cancers. While its role in differentiated thyroid cancer is well established, in medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), data are conflicting. We aimed to evaluate the impact of excess adipose tissue on MTC prevalence, aggressiveness at diagnosis, and outcome in a large series of patients. Methods: We evaluated 529 patients with sporadic MTC from a prospectively maintained database. Weight and height were measured in all patients at the time of surgery, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Therefore, patients were classified according to BMI categories suggested by the WHO for Caucasian patients. Data about somatic mutations were available in 254/529 patients (48.0%). Results: The prevalence of subjects with obesity was higher than that in the Italian general population (20.2 vs. 12.0%). Patients with obesity presented smaller tumors, lower T and N stage, and lower AJCC 8th edition stage, as well as lower preoperative calcitonin values compared to under/normal and overweight ones. The prevalence of somatic RET and RAS mutations did not differ significantly across the WHO BMI categories. At the end of follow-up, structural disease was less common in patients with obesity (15.4%) compared to under/normal (25.6%, p < 0.05) and overweight (24.1%, p = 0.079). Further surgeries for local recurrence were less common in patients with obesity (3.8%) compared to overweight ones (11.0%, p < 0.05). Survival was superimposable in the different categories of BMI. Conclusions: Among patients with sporadic MTC, there is a higher prevalence of patients with obesity compared to the general population. A higher BMI was associated with less aggressive clinical presentation and better clinical outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thyroid Cancer: New Advances from Diagnosis to Therapy: 2nd Edition)
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12 pages, 1389 KiB  
Article
Detection of Central Compartment Lymph Node Metastasis of Thyroid Cancer: Usefulness of Intraoperative Thyroglobulin Measurement in Fine Needle Aspiration Washout with and Without Blue Dye Injection
by Chiara Mura, Gian Luigi Canu, Giulia Lanzolla, Federico Cappellacci, Fabio Medas, Stefano Mariotti, Pietro Giorgio Calò and Francesco Boi
Cancers 2025, 17(3), 422; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17030422 - 27 Jan 2025
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: The management of lymph node metastases of the central neck compartment (CNC) in differentiated thyroid carcinoma is debated. The intraoperative measurement of thyroglobulin (Tg) has gained attention in accurately detecting metastases, reducing unnecessary CNC dissections. Methods: A total of 37 [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The management of lymph node metastases of the central neck compartment (CNC) in differentiated thyroid carcinoma is debated. The intraoperative measurement of thyroglobulin (Tg) has gained attention in accurately detecting metastases, reducing unnecessary CNC dissections. Methods: A total of 37 patients underwent surgery. An intraoperative assay of thyroglobulin from fine needle aspiration (Tg-FNA) was performed on CNC lymph nodes, identified by blue dye injection in 15 patients (23 nodes, group A) and by palpation in 22 patients (35 nodes, group B). The Tg-FNA values were compared with histology to calculate the diagnostic accuracy. Results: In group A, the blue dye diffused widely, complicating lymph node identification: 2 were metastatic and 21 non-metastatic, with median Tg-FNA levels of 6236 ng/mL and 99.20 ng/mL, respectively. In group B, 8 were metastatic and 27 benign, with median Tg-FNA levels of 4063 ng/mL and 121 ng/mL (p < 0.0001), respectively. ROC analysis identified 500 ng/mL as a cutoff, achieving 100% sensitivity and 74% specificity in group B and 90% sensitivity and 70% specificity overall. Finally, among the non-metastatic lymph nodes, group A exhibited some cases of very high Tg-FNA values compared to group B, with lower accuracy for the cutoff, suggesting that colorant injection might lead to increased Tg-FNA levels. Conclusions: Blue dye injection showed low accuracy. Intraoperative Tg-FNA was reliable in detecting CNC metastases, although a higher cutoff is needed in this compartment compared to what has been reported for lateral lymph nodes. Lymphatic drainage and surgical manipulation might explain these findings. The careful interpretation of Tg-FNA in CNC should be adopted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thyroid Cancer: New Advances from Diagnosis to Therapy: 2nd Edition)
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