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Buildings
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Ventilation and Air Distribution Systems in Buildings
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Ventilation and Air Distribution Systems in Buildings

A special issue of Buildings (ISSN 2075-5309). This special issue belongs to the section "Building Energy, Physics, Environment, and Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (29 February 2024) | Viewed by 8968

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Ferenc Szodrai

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Building Services and Building Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Debrecen, 4028 Debrecen, Hungary
Interests: ventilation; air distribution; indoor flow; computational fluid dynamics; large-eddy simulation; building services engineering; aerodynamics; heatsink; optimization of thermal and fluid mechanic models with numerical method

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Ventilation systems are an important component of energy-efficient buildings. Building information modelling (BIM) has recently improved the design of these systems, but there are still many questions to be answered and parts to be developed. Although air distribution systems can influence indoor flow patterns, thermal comfort, and the spread of contaminants, their design is frequently constrained by the building. Papers may address related building materials relevant to ventilation systems or devices that can meet their demands. Measurements on-site or in the laboratory are welcome, as are simulations ranging from BIM to indoor flow (CFD) models.

Dr. Ferenc Szodrai
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Buildings is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ventilation
  • air distribution systems
  • insulation
  • thermal comfort
  • measurement
  • simulation
  • BIM
  • heating-cooling demand

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review

20 pages, 6739 KiB  
Article
Experimental Study of Wind Pressures on Low-Rise H-Shaped Buildings
by Talita Andrioli Medinilha-Carvalho, Fernando Vítor Marques da Silva, Facundo Bre, Juan M. Gimenez and Lucila Chebel Labaki
Buildings 2024, 14(3), 762; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14030762 - 12 Mar 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1795
Abstract
Recognizing the urgent need for mitigating global warming, natural ventilation presents a potential strategy to reduce cooling energy demands, enhance thermal comfort, and contribute to indoor air quality. H-shaped buildings are prevalent worldwide, and they constitute the majority of the social housing construction [...] Read more.
Recognizing the urgent need for mitigating global warming, natural ventilation presents a potential strategy to reduce cooling energy demands, enhance thermal comfort, and contribute to indoor air quality. H-shaped buildings are prevalent worldwide, and they constitute the majority of the social housing construction in Brazil. Research suggests that the inadequate design of these buildings can result in poor ventilation; however, investigations about their natural ventilation performance are limited. Thus, the present contribution aims to determine the impact of the geometric characteristics of H-shaped buildings on the pressure distribution through wind tunnel experiments. Three models were tested in the wind tunnel experiments, representing different proportions. Their scales were configured to comply with the 5% obstruction limit allowed for wind tunnel testing, which was performed for 20 wind attack angles. Moreover, a scour test was carried out to allow a better understanding of the wind flow. Python scripting was developed to automate data processing, which is openly available in this paper. The results indicate that the proportion of the model influences the pressure distribution on roofs and leeward walls. Additionally, the depth of the recessed cavity affects its side surfaces and can result in a mirrored behavior on the frontal face of deep cavities (i.e., the wind direction is 45°). The model height influences the windward surfaces in its lower portion, since taller models present a recirculation vortex that modifies the pressure near the ground. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ventilation and Air Distribution Systems in Buildings)
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23 pages, 7875 KiB  
Article
BIM and Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis for Thermal Management Improvement in Data Centres
by Sergey Pogorelskiy and Imre Kocsis
Buildings 2023, 13(10), 2636; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13102636 - 19 Oct 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1795
Abstract
One of the most energy-intensive facilities requiring a comprehensive and well-optimised cooling system is the data centre. Air containment across the data centre is a key thermal management and energy-saving strategy that enhances the performance of data centres. The majority of modern energy-efficient [...] Read more.
One of the most energy-intensive facilities requiring a comprehensive and well-optimised cooling system is the data centre. Air containment across the data centre is a key thermal management and energy-saving strategy that enhances the performance of data centres. The majority of modern energy-efficient data centres use some type of air containment. The primary advantage of aisle separation and containment is the decrease in the air temperature at the server inlet by reducing the mixing of hot air with cold air. In order to ascertain the volume of literature relating to corridor insulation, we conducted a literature review. Currently, there have been numerous articles regarding the application of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis, however, publications delineating the integration of building information modelling (BIM) principles for corridor separation are still limited. Research specifically targeting data centre corridor insulation is somewhat limited. As a result of this analysis, the most common methods used to isolate hot or cold aisles within a data centre were identified. To determine the most effective type of corridor insulation, the BIM family was created in Autodesk Revit. The model includes 15 telecom cabinets containing information technology (IT) equipment, eight inter-row air conditioners, and one UPS. The model was used for the CFD analysis of the air temperature in different zones of the room. Visualisation of the results using gradient temperature distributions at different levels provides a complete picture of the microclimate formation in the room and allowed the advantage of the hot aisle isolation scheme to be demonstrated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ventilation and Air Distribution Systems in Buildings)
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14 pages, 4005 KiB  
Article
Dynamic Real-Time Measurements and a Comparison of Gas and Wood Furnaces in a Dual-Fuel Heating System in Order to Evaluate the Occupants’ Safety and Indoor Air Quality
by Nina Szczepanik-Scislo and Lukasz Scislo
Buildings 2023, 13(9), 2125; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13092125 - 22 Aug 2023
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 1595
Abstract
Due to rising energy costs, there is a trend to return to conventional heating systems powered by solid fuel. A rise in the combination of new and old energy sources is creating unintended dual-fuel heating systems. These systems combine an old solid-fuel furnace [...] Read more.
Due to rising energy costs, there is a trend to return to conventional heating systems powered by solid fuel. A rise in the combination of new and old energy sources is creating unintended dual-fuel heating systems. These systems combine an old solid-fuel furnace and a new gas furnace. Usually, the old furnace was meant to be replaced by the new one and their cooperation was never intended when installing the new heating system. The occupants decided to leave the old system in fear of a rise in prices of gas or electricity or temporary problems with their supply. The study focuses on such a system and its influence on indoor air quality and thermal comfort. A series of dynamic measurements with an IoT remote sensor array in a chosen household was conducted to evaluate the behaviour of the system as well as effects on the indoor environment. Sensors measured the CO2 concentration and thermal profile in a household when using a dual-fuel heating system consisting of an old wood furnace from the 1980s and a recently installed new gas furnace. The results showed that none of the heat sources posed a threat to the occupants. Contaminants were safely removed by the exhaust systems of the furnaces. The thermal comfort, however, was influenced more by the wood furnace where fluctuations in the temperature were noticed, especially during the night. The gas furnace maintained a stable temperature that was more suitable for the occupants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ventilation and Air Distribution Systems in Buildings)
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18 pages, 9355 KiB  
Article
A Facility’s Energy Demand Analysis for Different Building Functions
by Béla Bodó, Emese Béni and Gábor L. Szabó
Buildings 2023, 13(8), 1905; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13081905 - 26 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1253
Abstract
A more accurate determination of energy demands for buildings is of utmost importance for estimating future energy demands. This article presents two novel ideas that have the potential to contribute to a more precise determination of expected energy demands. The first idea involves [...] Read more.
A more accurate determination of energy demands for buildings is of utmost importance for estimating future energy demands. This article presents two novel ideas that have the potential to contribute to a more precise determination of expected energy demands. The first idea involves accounting for a building’s function more thoroughly, which enables the determination of different energy demands for two or more identical buildings, depending on their respective usage functions. According to a case study, the heating energy demand can be up to twice as high in a commercial facility compared with a residential building. Similarly, the cooling energy requirement can also differ. The second idea concerns determining the heating degree day (HDD) and cooling degree day (CDD) values from the daily minimum and maximum temperatures. This idea may be relevant when few instantaneous values are available for the daily mean temperature. According to the case study, the calculated values from the daily minimum and maximum temperatures follow the HDD and CDD values specified from the daily mean temperature. However, the difference is less than 2% for the heating season and higher for the cooling season. Therefore, further research is required to refine the constants in the cooling equation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ventilation and Air Distribution Systems in Buildings)
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Review

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12 pages, 1310 KiB  
Review
A Review of Large-Eddy Simulation Cell Size Requirements for Indoor Flows
by Ferenc Szodrai
Buildings 2023, 13(9), 2159; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13092159 - 25 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1736
Abstract
Nowadays computational fluid dynamics now assists ventilation system designers and architects in understanding the induced flow behaviour in the indoor environment. The use of large-eddy simulation is a novel methodology for these types of assessments. The method requires that the computational domain be [...] Read more.
Nowadays computational fluid dynamics now assists ventilation system designers and architects in understanding the induced flow behaviour in the indoor environment. The use of large-eddy simulation is a novel methodology for these types of assessments. The method requires that the computational domain be adequately discretized in order to resolve the majority of the flow. The last five years of publications of Elsevier, SAGE, and Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute were screened. Indoor flow categories were utilized to assess the differences. Based on the papers reviewed, the cell size requirement was considered as a key factor of computational demand. Specifications were made for each type of indoor flow simulation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ventilation and Air Distribution Systems in Buildings)
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